Cells and tissue types

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

a group of similar not necessarily identical cells from the same origin that work together to carry out a specific function

Question 2

what are the four main types of tissue

Answer 2

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue

Question 3

name 3 connective tissue cells that provide mechanical support

Answer 3

fibroblasts. chondrocytes, adipocytes

Question 4

what’s a cell that stores nutrients

Answer 4

adipocytes

Question 5

what cells line the body

Answer 5

epithelial cells

Question 6

what is the purpose of cells covering organ surfaces

Answer 6

the skin provides a barrier between the external environment and the organ that it covers

Question 7

What do muscle cells do

Answer 7

help with locomotion and movement within internal organs

Question 8

name 6 immune cells

Answer 8

eosinophil, basophil, macrophage, erythrocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil

Question 9

what do phagocytes do

Answer 9

phagocytose foreign material in the connective tissue later and also play an important role as antigen presenting cells

Question 10

what 3 areas can epithelial tissues be found in

Answer 10

body coverings (outside), body linings (outside) and glandular tissue (tubes)

Question 11

What are 4 functions of epithelial tissues

Answer 11

protection, absorption, filtration and secretion

Question 12

What two features do we classify epithelial cells by

Answer 12

number of cell layers and shape

Question 13

What does simple mean in terms of epithelial classification

Answer 13

one layer of cells

Question 14

stratified

Answer 14

more than one layer

Question 15

Squamous

Answer 15

flattened

Question 16

cuboidal

Answer 16

cube shaped

Question 17

columnar

Answer 17

column like

Question 18

what are the features of simple squamous cells

Answer 18

single layer of cells with flat nuclei, often involved in diffusion of substances across the barrier that they form

Question 19

examples of where simple squamous cells are found

Answer 19

endothelium - epithelial cells lining blood and lymph vessels
mesothelium - lining of body cavities

Question 20

Where are simple cuboidal cells common

Answer 20

glands and their ducts

Question 21

what are three features of simple cuboidal cells

Answer 21

forms walls of kidney tubules. often polarised, absorption and secretion

Question 22

where is nuclei seen in simple columnar cells

Answer 22

basal part of cell

Question 23

What does a pseudostratified cell consist of

Answer 23

single layer, but some cells are shorter than others, often looks like a double cell layer

Question 24

What is the function of pseudostratified cells

Answer 24

• may function in absorption or secretion

Question 25

what are the most common epithelium

Answer 25

stratified squamous

Question 26

what is the function of connective tissue

Answer 26

binds body tissues together, supports the body framework, wound repair/inflammatory response

Question 27

what makes up connective tissue

Answer 27

fixed cells (fibroblasts, adipocytes, tissue macrophages) , free cells (immune cells, inflammatory cells) and fibres and extracellular matrix (a large component of connective tissue, collagen and elastic)

Question 28

How is connective tissue classified

Answer 28

based on the proportion of cells and fibres and the organisation of the structures

Question 29

what is the function of dense regular tissue

Answer 29

to function as resistance to traction forces

Question 30

What is the function of dense irregular tissue

Answer 30

to provide mechanical support

Question 31

What are the features of loose connective tissue

Answer 31

cellular, most common, soft, pliable, contains all fibre types, can retain excess fluid, structural supports of the epithelia of the major organs, not resistant to stress, transport of cells and materials

Question 32

what's the function of fibroblasts

Answer 32

collagen synthesis and the components of the extracellular matrix

Question 33

What are the features of fibroblasts

Answer 33

elongated nuclei, small amount of cytoplasm, spindle/elongated shape

Question 34

What determines the permeability of the connective tissue layer to solutes and proteins

Answer 34

Prosteoglycans that occupy the space between cellular and fibrillary elements of the connective tissue

Question 35

What are specialised forms of connective tissue

Answer 35

adipose tissue, bone, blood and cartilage

Question 36

what is the fetal skeleton made of

Answer 36

hyaline cartilage which is then reabsorbed and replaced with bone

Question 37

where in adults is hyaline cartilage found

Answer 37

nose, larynx, knee joints

Question 38

Where is elastic cartilage found

Answer 38

external part of the ear and some parts of the larynx

Question 39

What are the features of fibrocartilage

Answer 39

highly compressible and strong

Question 40

where is fibrocartilage found

Answer 40

the discs between vertebra

Question 41

what is the function of adipose tissue

Answer 41

insulation, energy storage and protection