Cells and Tissues

Question 1

Define organelles.

Answer 1

Organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 2

Give examples of organelles found in animal cells.

Answer 2

Nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), lysosome, golgi apparatus and vesicles, centrioles, microtubles

Question 3

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 3

Stores proteins until they’re sent to their destination.

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

Transcribes DNA into RNA to form ribosomal units

Question 5

What is the function of microtubules?

Answer 5

Part of the cytoskeleton. Plays role in movement within the cell.

Question 6

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 6

Form spindle fibres during mitosis

Question 7

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmicreticulum?

Answer 7

Undergo several vital metabolic functions.

production of proteins

Question 8

What is the function of the rough endoplasmicreticulum?

Answer 8

Creates surface area for chemical reactions to take place

Secretes proteins

Question 9

What is the golgi vesicles?

Answer 9

Act as a’factory’ for proteins from ER to GA

Question 10

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 10

Waste disposal.

Question 11

State the difference between a permeable membrane and a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 11

Permeable - free movement of molecules

Semi-permeable - free movement of water, not large molecules

Question 12

Identify the two different types of gated membranes.

Answer 12

Voltage

Ligand

Question 13

Define facilitated diffusion.

Answer 13

Molecules are assisted across the membrane by proteins

Question 14

Define co-transport.

Answer 14

Two molecules move together across the membrane

Question 15

Define active transport.

Answer 15

Energy is used to move molecules across the membrane

Question 16

Identify the 2 types of cell division.

Answer 16

Mitosis

Meosis

Question 17

Explain the process of mitosis.

Answer 17

Interphase - Dna replication occurs

Prophase - chromosomes pair up, where chromatids touch, DNA is switched

Metaphase - paired chromosomes line up along the equator and spindle fibres form

Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis - chromosomes are pulled apart to the poles of the cell. Cytoplasm divides forming two identical daughter cells.

Question 18

Explain the process of Meosis.

Answer 18

Interphase - dna replication occurss

Prophase 1 - crossing over between chromosomes occurs

Metaphase 1 - Chromosome pairs separate (two pairs at either pole), spindle fibres form

Anaphase 1, Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis - cytoplasm divides to form two Diploid cells

Process begins again with diploid cells to form haploid cells known as gametes

Question 19

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 19

a solution which is more concentrated (has more solutes in the solvent)

Question 20

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 20

a solution which is less concentrated (has less solutes in the solvent)

Question 21

What are isotonic solutions?

Answer 21

solutions of equal concentration

Question 22

List the different types of tissues.

Answer 22

Epithelial 
Glandular 
Connective 
Muscle 
Nervous