Cells Chapt. D

Question 1

The unique chemical and physical properties of water

Answer 1

Allow for life on earth

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses…

Answer 2

Differ in complexity and general structure

Question 3

Fundamental plant and animal life processes depend on…

Answer 3

A variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas (organelles) of the organisms cells.

Question 4

All living things …..

Answer 4

Are made up of cells

Question 5

Cells are the….

Answer 5

Basic units of structure and function in living things

Question 6

New cells

Answer 6

Are produced from existing cells

Question 7

The three subatomic particles make up atoms?

Answer 7

Proton, neutron, electron

Question 8

How are all the isotopes of an element similar?

Answer 8

They have the same number of electrons, all isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties

Question 9

How are compounds different from their component elements?

Answer 9

The physical and chemical properties of compounds are usually very different from those of the elements from which it is formed

Question 10

The two main types of chemical bonds?

Answer 10

Covalent and Lonic bonds

Question 11

How does the structure of water contribute to its unique properties?

Answer 11

Since it is a polar molecule, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of waters special properties

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

Question 13

Adhesion

Answer 13

Attraction between molecules of different substances

Question 14

Heat capacity

Answer 14

The amount of heat energy required to increase a liquids temperature

Question 15

How does waters polarity influence it’s properties as a solvent?

Answer 15

Waters polarity gives it the ability to dissolve both ionic compounds and other polar molecules

Question 16

Why is it important for cells to buffer solutions against rapid changes in pH?

Answer 16

Buffers dissolved in life’s fluids play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in organisms

Question 17

Homeostasis

Answer 17

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Question 18

Water is a polar molecule

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Hydrogen bonds are examples of adhesion

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Covalent bonds give water a low heat capacity

Answer 20

False

Question 21

A hydrogen bind is stronger than a covalent bond

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Solvency and water

Answer 22

Water is considered a universal solvent for its ability to dissolve a wide range of substance since it is a polar molecule

Question 23

Relative density and water

Answer 23

S

Question 24

Relative density

Answer 24

Solid water is less dense that liquid water- meaning ice floats, providing a layer of insulation to the water below

Question 25

What elements does carbon bond with to make up life's molecules?

Answer 25

Hydrogen ,nitrogen, oxygen , phosphoroud, sulfur, and carbon

Question 26

Carbon can bond with other carbons to form...

Answer 26

Chains or rings

Question 27

Carbon can form....

Answer 27

Single, double, or triple covalent bonds

Question 28

Carbohydrates

Answer 28

Main source of energy, used by plants animals ect, ect

Question 29

Lipids

Answer 29

Energy storage, important parts of biomembrane

Question 30

Nucleic acids

Answer 30

Store and transmit heredity and genetic information

Question 31

Proteins

Answer 31

Control reaction rates, and regulates cell processes, transport substances in or out

Question 32

What happens the chemical bonds during chemical reactions?

Answer 32

Chemical reactions rearrange the chemical bonds that join Atoms in compounds

Question 33

Why do chemical reactions occur?

Answer 33

Chemical reactions that release energy often occur and their own spontaneously Also chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source

Question 34

Energy is released or absorbed whenever the chemical bonds are....

Answer 34

Formed or broken during chemical reactions

Question 35

Energy changes are

Answer 35

One of the most important factors in determining whether a chemical reaction will occur

Question 36

All organisms need an energy source to....

Answer 36

Carry out the chemical reactions for life

Question 37

What do plants trap and store?

Answer 37

Plants trapped and store solar energy in energy rich compounds

Question 38

What is activation energy?

Answer 38

Energy needed to start a reaction

Question 39

What is a catalyst?

Answer 39

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 40

Chemical reaction

Answer 40

A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another

Question 41

Enzyme

Answer 41

A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction

Question 42

Product

Answer 42

An element or compound produced by chemical reaction

Question 43

Reactant

Answer 43

An element or compound that enters into a chemical reaction

Question 44

What are the four types of energy?

Answer 44

Kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical