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Year 8 Science > Cells (Chapter 3) > Flashcards

Cells (Chapter 3) Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

an instrument for viewing small objects

A

microscope

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2
Q

The smallest unit of life. They are the building blocks of living things. There are in many different sizes and shapes in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms

A

cells

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3
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects and can magnify things up to 1500 times

A

light microscope

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4
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects. It is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times

A

electron microscope

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5
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

A

monocular

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6
Q

a microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

A

binoculars

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7
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

A

stereo

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8
Q

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system

A

magnification

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9
Q

describes an organism having only one cell

A

unicellular

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10
Q

having many cells

A

multicellular

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11
Q

a length of one millionth of a metre

A

micro metre

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12
Q

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

A

nano metre

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13
Q

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

A

nano technology

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14
Q

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

A

prokaryotes

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15
Q

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

A

eukaryote

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16
Q

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

A

cell membrane

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17
Q

the fluid found inside cells

A

cystol

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18
Q

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

A

ribosomes

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19
Q

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

A

metabolism

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21
Q

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

A

binary fission

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22
Q

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, but no cell wall, large vacuole or chloroplasts

A

animalia

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23
Q

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts, commonly called plants

A

plantae

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24
Q

the kingdom of organisms, such as mushrooms and moulds, that help to decompose dead or decaying matter

A

fungi

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25
the kingdom of organisms, including algae and protozoans, that do not fit into other groups
protoctista
26
the kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with a nucleus not surrounded by a membrane or a cell wall, commonly called bacteria
prokaryotae
27
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes
mitochondria
28
oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis
chloroplasts
29
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP
cellular respiration
30
the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun
photosynthesis
31
the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water
chlorophyll
32
some things can get into, and some things can get out of
semi-permeable
33
central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell.
nucleus/nuclei
34
tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. They contain the DNA that carries genetic information
chromosomes
35
the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
36
cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
mitosis
37
identical copy
clone
38
the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells
cytokinesis
39
disease that can be transferred from one organism to another
infectious disease
40
disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another
non-infectious disease
41
substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body
antibiotics
42
chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects
disinfectants
43
mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes
antiseptics
44
describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria
bactericidal
45
describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn't kill them
bacteriostatic
46
a type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant
phloem
47
transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants
translocation
48
pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of their dead cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. The lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.
xylem vessels
49
a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. It forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.
lignin
50
small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells
stomata/stoma
51
movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves
transpiration stream
52
groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems
vascular bundles
53
loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata
transpiration
54
cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma
guard cells
55
droop. Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells
wilt
56
sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several small vacuoles or none at all
vacuoles
57
describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water
flaccid
58
describes something that is firm
turgid
59
outermost layer of the skin
epidermis
60
the medical name for the deeper part of the skin
dermis
61
special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain
receptors
62
tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature
sweat glands
63
small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through these
pores
64
change state from a liquid to a gas. This occurs only from the surface of a liquid
evaporates
65
a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours
cancer
66
an abnormal growth
tumour
67
describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body
benign
68
describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body
malignant

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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