Rocks (Chapter 9)

Question 1

What substance are rocks made from, and can be found in biological bodies

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

The outermost layer of the Earth, including the crust

Answer 2

Lithosphere

Question 3

A combination of hot gases and rocks, below the Earth’s surface

Answer 3

Magma

Question 4

Broken down material from erosion or weathering, where it is collected in layers from water or wind

Answer 4

Sediments

Question 5

Uncombined elements found in the Earths crust

Answer 5

Native-Elements

Question 6

A geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

Answer 6

Crystal

Question 7

The appearance of a mineral from the way it reflects light, including glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant

Answer 7

Lustre

Question 8

color of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

Answer 8

Streak

Question 9

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals.

Answer 9

Hardness

Question 10

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

Answer 10

Igneous Rocks

Question 11

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Answer 11

Extrusive Rocks

Question 12

A pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air

Answer 12

Pumice

Question 13

A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

Answer 13

Scoria

Question 14

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

Answer 14

Abrasive

Question 15

A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases

Answer 15

Basalt

Question 16

A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

Answer 16

Obsidian

Question 17

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Answer 17

Intrusive Rocks

Question 18

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Answer 18

Batholiths

Question 19

a hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface

Answer 19

Granite

Question 20

Rocks made from movement

Answer 20

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Question 21

Rocks made from the remains of living organisms

Answer 21

Organic Sedimentary Rocks

Question 22

Rocks made from erosion where the minerals are left behind, combining into a crystal.

Answer 22

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

Question 23

When weathering and movement affect a rock

Answer 23

Erosion

Question 24

A dead object that has been buried underground for many many years

Answer 24

Fossils

Question 25

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

Answer 25

Glaciers

Question 26

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

Answer 26

Moraines

Question 27

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Answer 27

Conglomerate

Question 28

A rock that changes form due to heat and pressure

Answer 28

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 29

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

Answer 29

Metamorphism

Question 30

A fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

Answer 30

Slate

Question 31

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

Answer 31

Marble

Question 32

A coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

Answer 32

Gneiss

Question 33

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts

Answer 33

Sandstone

Question 34

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Answer 34

Mudstone

Question 35

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

Answer 35

Shale

Question 36

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

Answer 36

Siltstone

Question 37

The process of rocks changing

Answer 37

Rock Cycle

Question 38

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Answer 38

Mineral Ores

Question 39

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

Answer 39

Mining

Question 40

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

Answer 40

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

Question 41

Restored to its previous condition

Answer 41

Rehabilitated

Question 42

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored

Answer 42

Overburden

Question 43

Mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Answer 43

Open Cut Mining

Question 44

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Answer 44

Underground Mining

Question 45

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

Answer 45

Folding

Question 46

A scientist who studies fossils

Answer 46

Palaeontologist

Question 47

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

Answer 47

Relative Age

Question 48

Animal that eats other animals

Answer 48

Carnivores

Question 49

Animals that eat dead plant and animal material

Answer 49

Scavengers

Question 50

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

Answer 50

Mould

Question 51

When a species/object now longer lives

Answer 51

Extinct