Cells End of year Test

Question 1

What are the building blocks of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cells.

Question 2

Name two organisms made of a single cell.

Answer 2

Bacteria, amoeba, or euglena.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

To control the cell and store genetic material.

Question 4

Which organelle is found only in plant cells?

Answer 4

Chloroplasts or cell wall.

Question 5

What is the rigid outer layer of a plant cell called?

Answer 5

Cell wall.

Question 6

What is the jelly-like substance inside a cell?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm.

Question 7

Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

Answer 7

Chloroplasts.

Question 8

What structure in plant cells contains cell sap?

Answer 8

Vacuole.

Question 9

Name two structures found in animal cells.

Answer 9

Nucleus, mitochondria, or cell membrane.

Question 10

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 10

To release energy through respiration.

Question 11

Why are red blood cells adapted with a biconcave shape?

Answer 11

To increase surface area for oxygen transport.

Question 12

What is the tail of a sperm cell called?

Answer 12

Flagellum.

Question 13

How are nerve cells adapted to their function?

Answer 13

Long shape to transmit electrical impulses.

Question 14

What is the role of root hair cells?

Answer 14

To absorb water and minerals from soil.

Question 15

Why do sperm cells have many mitochondria?

Answer 15

To provide energy for movement.

Question 16

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 16

A cell with a unique shape/structure for a specific job.

Question 17

Which cell carries oxygen in the blood?

Answer 17

Red blood cell.

Question 18

What adaptation helps euglena move?

Answer 18

Flagellum.

Question 19

Name a plant cell specialised for photosynthesis.

Answer 19

Leaf (palisade) cell.

Question 20

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 20

To deliver male genetic material for reproduction.

Question 21

Define a unicellular organism.

Answer 21

An organism made of only one cell.

Question 22

Name a unicellular organism with a flagellum.

Answer 22

Euglena.

Question 23

How do amoebas move?

Answer 23

By extending pseudopods (false feet).

Question 24

What process do euglena use to make food?

Answer 24

Photosynthesis.

Question 25

Why are unicellular organisms not rigid?

Answer 25

They lack a fixed shape (no cell wall).

Question 26

What is the role of the flagellum in euglena?

Answer 26

To propel the cell through water.

Question 27

Name a unicellular organism without chloroplasts.

Answer 27

Amoeba or bacteria.

Question 28

How do unicellular organisms reproduce?

Answer 28

By binary fission (splitting in two).

Question 29

What structure in euglena contains chlorophyll?

Answer 29

Chloroplasts.

Question 30

Why can unicellular organisms survive alone?

Answer 30

They carry out all life processes in one cell.

Question 31

What instrument is used to view cells?

Answer 31

Microscope.

Question 32

Why are specimens stained before viewing?

Answer 32

To make cell structures more visible.

Question 33

What is the first step when using a microscope?

Answer 33

Lower the stage to its lowest position.

Question 34

Which lens should you start with?

Answer 34

The lowest magnification.

Question 35

What knob adjusts focus after the coarse knob?

Answer 35

Fine focus knob.

Question 36

Why must specimens be thin?

Answer 36

To allow light to pass through.

Question 37

What happens if you use a higher magnification lens?

Answer 37

The image becomes larger but less light enters.

Question 38

What is the eyepiece used for?

Answer 38

To look through and observe the specimen.

Question 39

Name a cell structure visible under a microscope.

Answer 39

Nucleus, chloroplasts, or cell wall.

Question 40

What is observation in science?

Answer 40

Carefully studying an object or process.

Question 41

Define diffusion.

Answer 41

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Question 42

What is diffusion in water called?

Answer 42

Osmosis.

Question 43

How does oxygen enter cells?

Answer 43

By diffusion from blood.

Question 44

What moves out of cells into blood?

Answer 44

Carbon dioxide.

Question 45

What is concentration?

Answer 45

The amount of a substance in a given volume.

Question 46

Why does diffusion happen faster in gases?

Answer 46

Particles move more freely.

Question 47

What is the role of the cell membrane in diffusion?

Answer 47

To control what enters/leaves the cell.

Question 48

How does temperature affect diffusion?

Answer 48

Higher temperature speeds up diffusion.

Question 49

What is the goal of diffusion?

Answer 49

To reach equilibrium (equal concentration).

Question 50

Name a substance transported by diffusion in cells.

Answer 50

Oxygen, glucose, or carbon dioxide.