Structure and function of body systems End of year test

Question 1

Five levels of organization?

Answer 1

Cells → tissues → organs → systems → organism

Question 2

What is a tissue?

Answer 2

Group of similar cells.

Question 3

Name an organ in the human body.

Answer 3

Heart, lungs, or stomach.

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

Organs working together.

Question 5

Which organ system includes the lungs?

Answer 5

Respiratory system.

Question 6

Two types of tissues in animals?

Answer 6

Muscle, nervous, or epithelial.

Question 7

What connects muscles to bones?

Answer 7

Tendons.

Question 8

Function of ligaments?

Answer 8

Connect bones at joints.

Question 9

Role of cartilage in joints?

Answer 9

Cushions bones.

Question 10

What gas is inhaled during breathing?

Answer 10

Oxygen (O₂).

Question 11

Percentage of oxygen in inhaled air?

Answer 11

21%

Question 12

What happens to diaphragm during inhalation?

Answer 12

Contracts and flattens.

Question 13

Ribcage volume during exhalation?

Answer 13

Decreases.

Question 14

Main waste gas exhaled?

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Question 15

Where does gas exchange occur in lungs?

Answer 15

Alveoli.

Question 16

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 16

Muscle below lungs for breathing.

Question 17

Air pressure in chest during inhalation?

Answer 17

Decreases.

Question 18

Composition of exhaled air?

Answer 18

16% O₂, 4% CO₂, 79% N₂

Question 19

How to measure lung volume?

Answer 19

Blow into tube, measure air.

Question 20

Four functions of skeleton?

Answer 20

Support, protect, move, make blood cells.

Question 21

Which bones protect the lungs?

Answer 21

Ribcage.

Question 22

Joint for movement in all directions?

Answer 22

Ball-and-socket.

Question 23

What is a fixed joint?

Answer 23

No movement (e.g., skull).

Question 24

Function of bone marrow?

Answer 24

Makes blood cells.

Question 25

Name a hinge joint.

Answer 25

Knee or elbow.

Question 26

What connects bones at a joint?

Answer 26

Ligaments.

Question 27

Tissue that cushions bones in joints?

Answer 27

Cartilage.

Question 28

Where are red blood cells made?

Answer 28

Bone marrow.

Question 29

What protects the spinal cord?

Answer 29

Vertebrae.

Question 30

What are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 30

Muscles that work in pairs.

Question 31

Name an antagonistic muscle pair.

Answer 31

Biceps and triceps.

Question 32

What happens when biceps contract?

Answer 32

Forearm bends.

Question 33

Muscle in the heart?

Answer 33

Cardiac muscle.

Question 34

How do muscles cause movement?

Answer 34

By contracting and pulling bones.

Question 35

What connects muscles to bones?

Answer 35

Tendons.

Question 36

# Fill in the blank Triceps____ when biceps contract

Answer 36

relax.

Question 37

Name an involuntary muscle.

Answer 37

Smooth muscle.

Question 38

Muscle that straightens the arm?

Answer 38

Triceps.

Question 39

What is gas exchange?

Answer 39

Swap of O₂ and CO₂.

Question 40

Where does oxygen enter the blood?

Answer 40

Alveoli.

Question 41

Function of alveoli?

Answer 41

Exchange gases with blood.

Question 42

What is respiration?

Answer 42

the process of breathing, where we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

Question 43

Waste product removed during exhalation?

Answer 43

Carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Question 44

Ribs during inhalation?

Answer 44

Move up and out.

Question 45

Ribcage role in breathing?

Answer 45

Protects lungs, helps breathing.

Question 46

Diaphragm’s role in exhalation?

Answer 46

helps push air out of the lungs and back into the body.

Question 47

Why are alveoli surrounded by capillaries?

Answer 47

For gas exchange with blood.

Question 48

Term for breathing out?

Answer 48

Exhalation.