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Immunology > Cells of the Immune Response > Flashcards

Cells of the Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

Natural killer cells and T-cytotoxic cells are __________.

A

Lymphocytes

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2
Q

T-___________ cells are central to all types of immunity.

A

Helper

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3
Q

Follicular _________ cells are antigen presentation cells.

A

Dendritic

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4
Q

__________ are antigen presenters, but also capable of phagocytosis.

A

Macrophages

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5
Q

_______ cells prevent autoimmunity, and produce cytokines.

A

Treg

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6
Q

B-cells produce _________.

A

Antibodies

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7
Q

Plasma cells are mature __-cells.

A

B

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8
Q

Mast cells and basophils contain _________, and are prevalent in allergic reactions.

A

Histamine

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9
Q

__________ are also capable of phagocytosis, and are important in parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils

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10
Q

___________ engage in phagocytosis, for destruction of bacteria.

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

If a cell is described as being ‘______________’, this means that with the right stimulation, it can become any type of WBC or RBC.

A

Pluripotent

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12
Q

The embryonic yolk sac experiences ______________ during the first few weeks of life.

A

Haematopoiesis

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13
Q

Myeloid stem cells are every cell type except _____________.

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

T- and B-cells are ___________.

A

Adaptive

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15
Q

Natural killer cells are __________.

A

Innate

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16
Q

_____________ circulate around the body via the circulatory system and the lymphatics.

A

Leucocytes

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17
Q

Lymphocytes account for ___%-___% of WBC population in the peripheral blood.

A

20, 40

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18
Q

True or false: T-cells, B-cells, and NK cells are small, motile, non-phagocytic cells.

A

True

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19
Q

T- and B-cells that are not activated by antigen are known as ___________ cells.

A

Resting

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20
Q

T- and B-cells are the only immune cells with surface receptors that are specific for _________.

A

Antigens

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21
Q

Upon activation, T- and B-cells undergo _________ __________, and differentiate into effector or memory cells.

A

Clonal expansion

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22
Q

T-cells originate in the bone marrow, but mature in the _________.

A

Thymus

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23
Q

T-helper cells secrete _________, which activate B-cells, other T-cells, macrophages, and other cells that are participants in an immune response.

A

Cytokines

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24
Q

T-cytotoxic cells do not secrete many cytokines, and instead exhibit _____ _______ activity; in particular, they display this behaviour towards tumour and graft cells.

A

Cell killing

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25
Q

T-cells possess a receptor on their surface called a T-cell receptor (TCR), that binds the T-cell to an _________.

A

Antigen

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26
Q

List three cell types where T-cells may become activated, when they bind to an antigen on the cell’s surface.

A

Virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and antigen-presenting cells

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27
Q

Regulatory T-cells suppress the function of other cells, and are important for __________ and self-tolerance.

A

Regulation

28
Q

Antigen recognition results in T-cell proliferation and differentiation into _________ T-cells and various effector T-cells.

A

Memory

29
Q

T-cells recognise antigen only in the context of ________ _________ ________ molecules.

A

Major histocompatibility complex

30
Q

_______ ________ T-cells suppress or activate innate and adaptive immune responses, and are important in preventing the development of autoimmunity.

A

Natural killer

31
Q

The term ‘B-cells’ is derived from _______ __ __________.

A

Bursa of Fabricus

32
Q

B-cells mature in the _______ __________.

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

____________ molecules found on the surface of B cells act as antigen-binding sites.

A

Antibody

34
Q

Plasma cells secrete antibodies, and can secrete _______ antibody molecules per second, with major effector molecules of humoral immunity.

A

2,000

35
Q

A mature B-cell is termed a ________ cell.

A

Plasma

36
Q

Natural killer cells comprise 5-15% of blood ____________ cells.

A

Mononuclear

37
Q

Identified in blood by the expression of ________, and by the presence of cytoplasmic granules.

A

CD56

38
Q

True or false: natural killer cells have immunologic specificity and memory.

A

False

39
Q

Natural killer cells display ___________ killing activity against a wide range of tumour cells, and cells infected with viruses.

A

Cytotoxic

40
Q

A monocyte/macrophage originates in the __________ __________, becoming a promonocyte, then evolving into a monocyte (a process taking approximately eight hours), before becoming a mature macrophage.

A

Myeloid progenitor

41
Q

Monocytes/macrophages have horseshoe-shaped nuclei, containing __________ granules.

A

Azurophilic

42
Q

Macrophages possess __________ enzymes.

A

Ruffled

43
Q

Macrophages contain well-developed ______ complexes, and many intracytoplasmic lysosomes, containing peroxidase and several acid hydrolases.

A

Golgi

44
Q

What is a free macrophage?

A

One that circulates by amoeboid movement through tissues

45
Q

What is a fixed macrophage?

A

One that has taken up residence in a particular tissue

46
Q

Where are Kupffer cells found?

A

Liver

47
Q

Microglia macrophages are located in the _______.

A

Brain

48
Q

Name three toxic mediators found in macrophages.

A

Hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase, and lysozyme

49
Q

True or false: macrophages are highly phagocytic.

A

True

50
Q

Secretion of cytokines, such as interleukin, α interferon, tumour _________ markers, and interleukin 6, during inflammation, is a feature of macrophages.

A

Necrosis

51
Q

_______________ cells are derived from either the lymphoid or mononuclear phagocyte lineages.

A

Dendritic

52
Q

Langerhans dendritic cells of the epidermis are ___________-derived.

A

Monocyte

53
Q

_____________ dendritic cells are found in the lymphoid organs.

A

Interstitial

54
Q

Interdigitating dendritic cells are found in specific areas of the spleen, _______, and lymph nodes.

A

Thymus

55
Q

Veiled dendritic cells are found in __________.

A

Lymph

56
Q

The most important function of dendritic cells is to present antigens to __-cells.

A

T

57
Q

____________ granulocytes are classified on the basis of how their granules stain with acidic and basic dyes.

A

Polymorphonuclear

58
Q

__________________ last between seven to ten hours in the blood, and between three and four days in the tissues.

A

Neutrophils

59
Q

___________ is the movement of neutrophils from the bloodstream into a site of infection.

A

Extravasation

60
Q

____________ granules (containing toxic agents) stain strongly with eosin.

A

Eosinophil

61
Q

Eosinophils are found mainly in ________ tissues, such as the linings of GI and respiratory tracts.

A

Peripheral

62
Q

Basophils are the peripheral blood form of _______cells.

A

Mast

63
Q

Basophilic cytoplasm is rich in granules, which stain with _______ dyes.

A

Basic

64
Q

Mast cells are not found in blood, but rather in ________.

A

Tissues

65
Q

Mucosal mast cells (MMC) depends on T-cells for _____________.

A

Proliferation

66
Q

Name one form of mast cell, other than the mucosal mast cell.

A

Connective tissue mast cells

Immunology (9 decks)

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