Cells of the Nervous System

Question 1

The communicating system of the body

Answer 1

Nervous System

Question 2

Sensory Input =

Motor Output =

Answer 2

Afferent information

Efferent information

Question 3

Nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord, is the common command system

Nervous system composed of the cranial and spinal nerves. Communication between body and CNS

Answer 3

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 4

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signal or action potentials

Answer 4

Neurons

Question 5

In the CNS, supporting cells are called

In the PNS, supporting cells are called (2)

Answer 5

neuroglia

Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells

Question 6

Do neurons usualy replicate?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Is the metablism of neurons high or low?

What do they require a supply of?

Answer 7

Highly metabolic

Require continuous and constant supply of oxygen and glucose

Question 8

The soma of the neuron, contains the nucleus and nucleolus with usual organielles

Answer 8

Cell body

Question 9

What organelle is missing in the neuron?

Why?

Answer 9

Mitotic Spindle

Neurons (most) do not divide

Question 10

Receptive regions of the neuron that bring the message towards the body

Answer 10

Dendrite

Question 11

The impulse generating and conducting region of the cell, can be short or long

Answer 11

Axon

Question 12

Point that generates the AP in the neuron

Answer 12

Axon hillock

Question 13

Groups of axons that travel together are called

Answer 13

Tracts

Question 14

The axon branches near its end and the ends enlarge slight as, where NTs are released from into synapse

Answer 14

Terminal bouton

Question 15

The covering of the axon

Answer 15

Myelin Sheath, Neurilemma

Question 16

What cells is myelin made of?

Answer 16

Schwann Cells

Question 17

The sheath of Schwann cells is called

Answer 17

Neurilemma

Question 18

The space between Schwann cells helps to increase transmission

Answer 18

Node of Ranvier

Question 19

What role does myelin play in cell communication?

Answer 19

Insulation

Question 20

One Schwann cell can accompany 15 or more axons

Answer 20

!

Question 21

99% of neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar?

Answer 21

Multipolar

Question 22

What is a multipolar cell?

Answer 22

Has many connections

Question 23

Neuron with two processes, one on each side in the cell body

Answer 23

Bipolar

Question 24

Neuron with one process which divides like a T

Answer 24

Pseudo-unipolar

Question 25

Most sensory neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar? Where are they located?

Answer 25

Unipolar Outside the nervous system in ganglia

Question 26

Motor neurons are bipolar, unipolar, or multipolar? Where are they located?

Answer 26

Multipolar In CNS (grey matter)

Question 27

Do supporting cells conduct an action potential?

Answer 27

No.

Question 28

What is the ratio of supporting cells to neurons?

Answer 28

10:1

Question 29

Type of neuroglia (in CNS) that exchange between capillaries and neurons. Most abundant type of neuroglial cell. Control Chemical movement and ion concentration ex: Take up neurotransmitters

Answer 29

Astrocyte

Question 30

Type of neuroglia that is phagocytic, it monitors the health of neurons. Small cells with long processes. Phagocytic - takes up chemicals that are detremental to cell's health

Answer 30

Microglial Cells

Question 31

Type of neuroglial cells that help form and circulate the CSF.. Have a squamous or cuboidal shape Are ciliated.

Answer 31

Ependymal Cells

Question 32

Type of neuroglial cells that form the myelin sheath in the CNS. Fewer branches than astrocytes. One of them can help form myelin of many cells

Answer 32

Oligodendrocyte

Question 33

Supporting cell of the PNS that surrounds the cell bodies of neurons in ganglia and are supportive to neurons

Answer 33

Satellite Cells

Question 34

Supporting cell of the PNS that forms the myelin sheath in the PNS

Answer 34

Schwann Cells

Question 35

Dorsal Root Ganglion contain what kind of cells? What surrounds them?

Answer 35

Pseudo-unipolar Satellite Cells

Question 36

Factor affecting conduction velocity that states the largre the diameter the faster a current will occur. THere is less resistance

Answer 36

Axon Diameter

Question 37

Factor affecting conduction velocity that myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons

Answer 37

Myelin Sheath

Question 38

Type of conduction that occurs when axons conduct APs immediately adjacent to one another because they are unmyelinated, this is called

Answer 38

Continuous Conduction

Question 39

Type of conduction that occurs when action potentials only generated at nodes of Ranvier (of myelin) it is called

Answer 39

Saltatory Conduction

Question 40

What are nerve fibers classified by?

Answer 40

Diameter and degree of myelination

Question 41

A somatic sensory and motor nerve fiber. It has the largest diameter and degree of myelination. Very fast conducting

Answer 41

Group A

Question 42

A nerve fiber that innervates the viscera and pain fibers from the skin; lightly myelinated Come from body wall/limbs not viscera

Answer 42

Group B

Question 43

Nerve fibers that are visceral and play some role in pain and touch. Have the smallest diameter, are unmyelinated, and are the slowest conducting. Incapable of saltatory conduction

Answer 43

Group C

Question 44

The outermost layer of connective tissue that covers entire nerve

Answer 44

Epineurium

Question 45

Middle layer of connective tissue that covers the bundles, or fascicles, which are bundles of nerve processes

Answer 45

Perineurium

Question 46

Inner layer of connective tissue of nerves that covers the individual processes of a neuron

Answer 46

Endoneurium