Deep Back Muscles

Question 1

Extrinsic muscles of the back that produce and control limb movements

Answer 1

Superficial muscles of the back

Question 2

Extrinsic muscles of the back involved in producing respiratory movement

Answer 2

Intermediate muscles

Question 3

The intrinsic muscles of the back, muscles that specifically act on the vertebral column, producing its movements and maintaining posture

Answer 3

Deep muscles

Question 4

Describe the terms extrinsic vs. intrinsic in terms of the muscles of the back

Answer 4

Extrinsic don’t belong to back itself, they originate from outside the back and act on the back

Intrinsic muscles are belonging to or originating in the back itself specifically acting on the vertebral column to produce movements and maintain posture

Question 5

The two purposes of the superficial (extrinsic) back muscles

Answer 5

Connect upper limb to the trunk

Control limb movement

Question 6

The superficial (extrinsic) back muscles are innervated by nerves formed from

Answer 6

Ventral rami

Question 7

Name the superficial back muscles

Answer 7

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae
Rhomboids

Question 8

Intermediate (extrinsic) back muscle that lies deep to the rhomboids extends from spines of vertebral column to ribs 2-5

Answer 8

Serratus Posterior Superior

Question 9

Intermediate (extrinsic) back muscle that lies deep to the latissimus dorsi extends upward from lower thoracic and upper lumbar spines to ribs 9-12

Answer 9

Serratus posterior inferior

Question 10

Origin and insertion of serratus posterior superior

Answer 10

Origin: Spines of vertebral column to

Insertion: ribs 2-5

Question 11

Origin and insertion of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 11

Origin: Lower thoracic and upper lumbar spines

Insertion: Ribs 9-12

Question 12

These two muscles can hypertrophy when respiration is difficult and may have function in respiratory movement

Answer 12

Serratus Posterior Superior and Serratus Posterior Inferior

Question 13

Innervation of the serratus posterior inferior and serratus posterior superior

Answer 13

Intercostal nerves from ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 14

Group of muscles of the back that maintain posture and control movement of the vertebral column, they extend from the skull to the pelvis

Answer 14

Deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back

Question 15

The three groups of the deep back muscles

Answer 15

Superficial intrinsic layer
Intermediate intrinsic layer
Deep Instrinsic Layer

Question 16

All of the deep muscles of the back are innervated by…

Answer 16

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 17

Innervates all of the other muscles in the body wall and in the extremity, and is therefore much larger

Answer 17

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 18

Layer consisting of splenius capitis and cervicis

Answer 18

Superficial Intrinsic Layer

Question 19

What are the actions of the splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis?

Answer 19

Extend the head and neck if contracted bilaterally

Pull the head and neck to the same side unilaterally

Question 20

Origin of the splenius cervicis

Answer 20

Origin: Ligamentum Nucae and spinous process C7-T6

Insertion: Transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 21

Origin of the splenius capitis

Answer 21

Ligamentum Nucae and spinous process C7-T6

Insertion: Mastoid process (upper portion) and partially occipital bone

Question 22

Group of muscles of the back called the erector spinae that extends from the pelvis to the skull and fills the space in between the spinous processes and the angle of the ribs

Answer 22

Intermediate Intrinsic Layer

Question 23

Extend from sacrum of iliac crest all the way to the back of the head

Answer 23

Erector Spinae

Question 24

3 divisions of the erector spinae arranged longitudinally running parallel to one another (lateral to medial) (I love spaghetti!)

Answer 24

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Question 25

Important action of the erector spinae

Answer 25

Maintaining posture

Question 26

When muscles on both side contract, what occurs? What about when one side contracts?

Answer 26

Straighten back and pull head posteriorly Flex vertebral column so body turns to same side and turn chin to same side

Question 27

Most lateral part of the erector spinae column

Answer 27

Iliocostalis

Question 28

Origins of the iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracic, and cervicis portion) Insertion of iliocostalis

Answer 28

Origins: Iliac crest Inferior six ribs Ribs 3-6 Insertion: Angle of the ribs (lumborum and thoracis) Transverse processes of C6-C4 for cervical portion (cervicis)

Question 29

Innervation of the iliocostalis

Answer 29

Dorsal spinal nerves

Question 30

Action of the iliocostalis

Answer 30

Extend vertebral column or bend to one side if acting ipsilaterally (lateral flexion)

Question 31

What is the intermediate column of the erector spinae (largest?

Answer 31

Longissimus

Question 32

Origin and insertion of the longissimus

Answer 32

Origin: Transverse processes of lumbrical and cervical vertebrae Insertion:Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae, mastoid process

Question 33

Innervation of longissimus

Answer 33

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 34

Thoracis and cervicis portions acting together have what action?' What about acting individually?

Answer 34

Extend vertebral Bend it laterally to that side (lateral flexion)

Question 35

Action of the capitis when working together When working individually

Answer 35

Extend the head Turn face to the same side (ipsillaterally)

Question 36

Most medial columnof the erector spinae

Answer 36

Spinalis

Question 37

What is the action of the spinalis?

Answer 37

Extends vertebral column and head

Question 38

Origin and insertion of the spinalis

Answer 38

Spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae

Question 39

Innervation of the spinalis

Answer 39

Dorsal Rami of spinal nerves

Question 40

Action of the spinalis

Answer 40

Extend vertebral column and possibly head

Question 41

The term for where the origin of many muscles of erector spinae group is

Answer 41

thoracolumbar/thoracodorsal fascia

Question 42

Deepest group of the deep muscles of the back

Answer 42

Transversospinal Group

Question 43

name the 3 type of muscles in the transversospinal group

Answer 43

Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores

Question 44

Muscles that extend from transverse process to a spinous process and cross approximately 6 vertebrae

Answer 44

Semispinalis

Question 45

Muscles that extend in same direction as semispinalis but only cross 4 vertebrae

Answer 45

Multifidus

Question 46

Extend from transverse proccess and cross one or two vertebrae to extend to spinous process or lamina immediately above

Answer 46

Rotatores

Question 47

Origin and insertion of the semispinalis

Answer 47

Origin: Cervical and thoracic transverse processes Insertion: Occipital Bone

Question 48

Origin and insertion of the semispinalis in the thoracic and cervical regions

Answer 48

Origin: Tranverse processes Insertion: Spinous processes 6 vertebrae higher

Question 49

Where does the semispinalis capitis portion ascend to?

Answer 49

The head

Question 50

Origin and insertion of the multifidus

Answer 50

Origin: Transverse Processes Insertion: Spinous processes

Question 51

Actions of the multifidus when acting together and alone

Answer 51

Together: Extend vertebral column Alone: Rotate body to opposite side

Question 52

Origin and insertion of rotatores

Answer 52

Origin: Tranverse process Insertion: Vertebrae above or one higher

Question 53

Action of all the transversospinal when acting alone and together

Answer 53

Extend vertebral column Rotate body to opposite side

Question 54

Not a real back muscle that is located on the posterior abdominal wall. Fills in the space from the 12th rib and iliac crest

Answer 54

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 55

Origin and insertion of quadratus lumborum

Answer 55

Origin: Iliac Crest Inserts: Transverse processes of upper lumbars and margin of 12th rib

Question 56

Innervation of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 56

Ventral Rami, from T12 and L1-4

Question 57

Action of quadratum lumborum acting together and alone

Answer 57

Extend vertebral column Bend body to that side Forceful respiration by holding 12th rib in space and expanding thoracic cavity

Question 58

In sum, which of the three layers in the back connect and move the upper limb?

Answer 58

Superficial

Question 59

Which layer aids in respiration?

Answer 59

Intermediate

Question 60

Which moves the vertebral column and maintains posture?

Answer 60

Deep