Cells + Organelles Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the 3 principles of cell theory
- All living things are made up of cells
- Cells are the smallest and most basic units of life
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
MRS GREEN
Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Equilibrium, Nutrition
3 Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Circular vs linear DNA, Membrane bound vs non-membrane bound organelles, Mitosis and meiosis vs binary fission
What is a typical plant cell wall made of
Cellulose
What is the function and purpose of a ribosome
A ribosome assemble the building blocks to make proteins (amino acids). Proteins are important because they contribute to building and repairing tissues, making hormones and neurotransmitters
How do mitochondrion function and what do they do
Mitochondria are the sites of aerobic cellular respiration, which breaks down sugars into energy.
Why is SA:V ratio important?
SA:V ratio dictates how efficiently a cell/organelle can exchange materials across a membrane (efficiency of transport). A high SA:V also allows for faster transport through diffusion, as a higher SA:V means more surface area available for diffusion, leading to faster transport
How do Chloroplasts function and what do they do
The site of photosynthesis. The chlorophyll in the thylakoids absorb the light energy in photosynthesis. A high SA:V means more sunlight absorbed
What is the purpose of cholestrol
Regulates the fluidity of the membrane
What is the purpose of carbohydrates
(Usually in chains that extend outside the cell, rooted to lipids or proteins). Aid with cell-cell communication, signaling, recognition, and adhesion
What is simple diffusion
When nonpolar, or small molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is facilitated diffusion
When molecules move through the phospholipid bilayer with the aid of a membrane protein
What is a protein channel
a transmembrane protein pore that enables transport of large or polar molecules
What is a carrier protein
a membrane protein that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules across a membrane
What is osmosis
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Why is osmosis important
Osmosis is important as it can adjust the concentration of solutes by diffusing through the membrane
Hypertonic
Solutions with high solute concentrations, so water moves into a hypertonic solution to balance
Isotonic
Solution with equal solute concentrations, so there is no net movement of water
Hypotonic
Solutions with low solute concentrations, so water moves out of a hypotonic solution to balance.
Effect of tonicity on cells (Hypotonic)
Lysed or Turgid
Effect of tonicity on cells (Hypertonic)
Plasmolyzed or Shriveled
Effect of tonicity on cells (Isotonic)
Normal or Flaccid
