The cell cycle Flashcards
What does the G1/S checkpoint verify?
It verifies that the cell has grown to the correct size, has synthesized enough protein for DNA replication, checks if the DNA has been damaged during mitosis and cell growth, and checks if there are enough nutrients and oxygen.
What does the G2 checkpoint ensure?
It ensures that DNA has replicated properly in the S phase and that the cell has enough resources for mitosis.
What does the metaphase checkpoint check?
The cell checks the formation of the spindle fibres and if the chromosomes are lined up in the correct location.
What happens if there is something wrong with the cell’s development at the checkpoints?
The cell pauses for repair or undergoes apoptosis if irreparable.
What is the G0 phase?
It is the resting stage for cells not undergoing replication.
What occurs during the G1 phase?
Growth and the synthesis of organelles and proteins necessary for DNA replication.
What happens during the S phase?
DNA replication occurs.
What is the purpose of the G2 phase?
Growth in preparation for mitosis.
What occurs during prophase?
Spindle fibres appear, chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes align and spindle fibres attach to chromosomes.
What occurs during anaphase?
Centromeres divide and there is contraction of spindle fibres.
What happens during telophase?
The nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes condense, and spindle fibres disappear.
What is cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm divides.
What is DESC in binary fission?
It involves DNA replication, elongation, septum formation, and cell division.
