Cells: structure of eukaryotic cells

Question 1

Role of mitochondria:

Answer 1

Where aerobic respiration occurs, producing ATP.

Question 2

Role of cell membrane:

Answer 2

• Controls what goes in and out of the cell
• Has receptor molecules that allow it to respond to chemicals

Question 3

Role of ribosomes:

Answer 3

• Protein synthesis
• Translates mRNA into proteins

Question 4

Role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 4

Lipid synthesis

Question 5

Role of rough endoplasmic reticulum:

Answer 5

• Protein synthesis
• Processes and folds proteins

Question 6

Role of Golgi apparatus:

Answer 6

• Processes and packages new lipids and proteins
• Makes lysosomes

Question 7

Role of centrioles:

Answer 7

Create spindle fibres

Question 8

Role of lysosomes:

Answer 8

Digests non-self or worn out cells

Question 9

What is chromatin?

Answer 9

Complex of proteins and DNA that form chromosomes.

Question 10

Role of the nucleolus:

Answer 10

• Makes ribosomes
• RNA synthesis

Question 11

What are the inner folds of mitochondria called?

Answer 11

Cristae

Question 12

What is the difference between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

RER has ribosomes attached, SER doesn’t

Question 13

Explain how the Golgi apparatus is involved in the secretion of enzymes

Answer 13

• Golgi apparatus produces lysosomes
• Lysosomes are contain digestive enzymes
• When lysosomes are secreted, enzymes are too

Question 14

Explain how the rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the production of enzymes:

Answer 14

The RER is responsible for protein synthesis
Enzymes are a protein created by the ribosomes on the surface of the RER

Question 15

What are plants cell walls made out of?

Answer 15

Cellulose

Question 16

Why can chloroplasts and mitochondria be used as evidence for evolution?

Answer 16

They both have their own DNA.

Question 17

Describe the structure of a lysosome:

Answer 17

Spherical sac containing digestive enzymes.

Question 18

Role of nucleus:

Answer 18

Controls the cells activity

Question 19

How does the nucleus control the cells activity?

Answer 19

Controls transcription of DNA

Question 20

Role of nuclear pores:

Answer 20

Allows molecules to pass in and out of the nucleus

Question 21

Role of nuclear envelope:

Answer 21

Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 22

In mitochondria, what is the inner part of the folded double-membrane called?

Answer 22

Cristae

Question 23

What is the cristae?

Answer 23

The inner part of the mitochondria’s folded double membrane.

Question 24

Role of cristae:

Answer 24

Increase the surface area of the mitochondrial membrane to synthesize ATP.

Question 25

What is the internal structure of a mitochondrion called?

Answer 25

Matrix

Question 26

Role of matrix:

Answer 26

Contains enzymes involved in respiration.

Question 27

Chloroplasts have a ______-membrane strucutre.

Answer 27

Double

Question 28

What are the membranes inside chloroplasts called?

Answer 28

Thylakoid membranes

Question 29

What is grana?

Answer 29

Stacked up thylakoid membranes in the chloroplast.

Question 30

Where is grana found?

Answer 30

Chloroplast

Question 31

What is the name for stacked up thylakoid membranes?

Answer 31

Grana

Question 32

Role of chloroplast:

Answer 32

Where photosynthesis takes place.

Question 33

What is stroma?

Answer 33

A thick fluid found in chloroplasts

Question 34

Where is strama found?

Answer 34

In chloroplasts

Question 35

What is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 35

A group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs. Vesicles are often found at the edges of sacs.

Question 36

What is the structure of the golgi vesicle?

Answer 36

A small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm produced by the golgi apparatus.

Question 37

Role of golgi vesicle:

Answer 37

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.

Question 38

Role of cell wall in plants:

Answer 38

Supports and strengthens cell - keeping it rigid

Question 39

Role of cell vacuole in plants:

Answer 39

Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep it rigid.

Question 40

Give 3 ways in which epithelial cells are adapted to their function:

Answer 40

1) Lots of villi = provide large SA for absorption 2) Microvilli = provide large SA for absorption 3) Lots of mitochondria = provide energy for movement of food molecules into the cell

Question 41

How are red blood cells adapted to their function?

Answer 41

No nucleus = more room for haemoglobin

Question 42

How are sperm cells adapted to their function?

Answer 42

Contain a lot of mitochondria = sufficient energy

Question 43

Specialised cells are grouped together to form ______.

Answer 43

Tissues

Question 44

Define tissue:

Answer 44

A group of cells working together to perform a particular function.

Question 45

Different tissues work together to form ______.

Answer 45

Organs

Question 46

Different organs make an ________.

Answer 46

Organ system