GVR: Genetic diversity and adaptation

Question 1

Define Genetic Diversity:

Answer 1

The number of different alleles in a population.

Question 2

Define phenotype:

Answer 2

The expression of a genotype and its interaction with the environment.

Question 3

How are new alleles produced?

Answer 3

Mutations.

Question 4

What are the three types of natural selection?

Answer 4

• Stabilising selection
• Directional selection
• Disruptive selection

Question 5

What is stabilising selection?

Answer 5

• Favours intermediate phenotypes
• Extreme phenotypes are disadvantaged

Question 6

What is directional selection?

Answer 6

• Favours extreme phenotypes
• Intermediate phenotypes are disadvantaged

Question 7

Give an example of stabilising selection:

Answer 7

Human birth weight

Question 8

Give an example of directional selection:

Answer 8

Antibiotic resistance

Question 9

What is evolution?

Answer 9

A change in the allele type and frequency in a population.

Question 10

How are new alleles of a gene created?

Answer 10

Mutation of the DNA base sequence.

Question 11

Define interspecific competition:

Answer 11

When individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem.

Question 12

Define intraspecific competition:

Answer 12

When individuals of the same species compete for resources in an ecosystem.

Question 13

What is an extremophile?

Answer 13

An organism that can successfully survive and reproduces in extreme environments.

Question 14

What is an adaptation?

Answer 14

A long-term response by which a species becomes fitted to its environment.

Question 15

What are the three types of adaptations?

Answer 15

• Anatomical
• Behavioural
• Phisological

Question 16

Why is adapting to live in harsher climates an advantage?

Answer 16

• Allows organisms to survive in areas where other species cannot.
• Reduces interspecific competition

Question 17

What are anatomical adaptations?

Answer 17

Adaptations that occur as an internal or external feature.

Question 18

What are behavioural adaptations?

Answer 18

• Adaptations that impacts the way an organism acts.
• They are either inherited or learnt through experience and observation.

Question 19

What are physiological adaptations?

Answer 19

Adaptations that impact the processes that occur inside an organism.

Question 20

Give 3 examples of anatomical adaptations in animals:

Answer 20

• Body coverings
• Camouflage
• Mimicry

Question 21

Give 3 examples of anatomical adaptations in animals:

Answer 21

• Spines
• Swollen stems
• Waxy cuticle

Question 22

Give 3 examples of behavioural adaptations in animals:

Answer 22

• Survival
• Courtship
• Seasonal

Question 23

Give 3 examples of behavioural adaptations in plants:

Answer 23

• Phototropism
• Geotropism
• Carnivorous plants

Question 24

Give 3 examples of physiological adaptations in animals:

Answer 24

• Poison production
• Homeostasis
• Reflexes

Question 25

Give 3 examples of physiological adaptations in plants:

Answer 25

- Toxin production - CAM photosynthesis - Seed dormancy

Question 26

What is CAM photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Gas exchange only at night to prevent water loss.

Question 27

What behavioural adaptations have adapted animals done to survive in cold environments?

Answer 27

They will eat large amounts of high energy foods to help maintain body temperature.

Question 28

What physical adaptations have adapted animals done to survive in cold environments?

Answer 28

- Streamlined, compact body shape (smaller SA:V) - Larger SA:V animals will have thick layers of fur (for insulation)

Question 29

What behavioural adaptations have adapted animals done to survive in hot deserts?

Answer 29

- Spend much of day in water to help loose heat. - Organisms may be nocturnal so they are most active in cooler temperatures

Question 30

What physical adaptations have adapted animals done to survive in hot deserts?

Answer 30

- Large ears increase their SA:V, allowing them to loose more heat. - Kidney structure adaptations (produce less urine to compensate for water loss through evaporation).