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Science 8 > Cells & Systems 2 > Flashcards

Cells & Systems 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the systems that we learn about

A

Respiratory
Digestive
Circulatory
Urinary
Nervous

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2
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

The transfer of gasses in & out of the body

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

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3
Q

Trachea

A

Part of the respiratory system

Also called the windpipe

Carries air in & out of the lungs

20mm diameter and divides into the right and left of the bronchus

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4
Q

Lungs

A

Take up most of the chest cavity

2 lungs

Left is slightly smaller because it needs to make room for the heart

Protected by the cage and diaphragm

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5
Q

Bronchus

A

12mm across

Each tube branches into thousands of narrow bronchioles

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6
Q

Bronchioles

A

Divide into millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli

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7
Q

Alveoli

A

Small air sacs at the end of bronchioles

Let oxygen diffuse into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuse out

Alveoli connects your respiratory and circulatory systems

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8
Q

Diaphragm

A

Main muscle of respiration

Dome shaped sheet of muscle that separates chest from abdomen

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9
Q

Inhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts and moves downward towards the abdomen
  2. The rib muscles pull the ribs up and out
  3. The volume of the chest cavity is increased because air pressure in reduced and it flows into the lungs
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10
Q

Exhalation

A
  1. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward
  2. The chest wall muscles relax causing the chest cavity to contract
  3. Air pressure in the lungs increases so air flows out of the lungs through the mouth or nose
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11
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

Breaks down the food, absorbs food particles for energy and nutrients and eliminates waste

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12
Q

What is the process of digesting food?

A

Food enters the mouth and is pushed down the esophagus into the stomach

Stomach muscles churn and break down the food with stomach acid and pass down broken down food to small intestines

Small intestines are covered with many finger like projections called villi

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13
Q

Villi

A

Small finger like projections that absorb nutrients

Packed with capillaries

Connect your digestive and circulatory systems

Located in the small intestines

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14
Q

Capillaries

A

Take nutrients into your bloodstream by diffusion

Located in the Villi

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15
Q

What do the liver pancreas and gall bladder do?

A

Produce, store and release substances that help break down food during digestion

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16
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile

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17
Q

Bile

A

Located in the liver

Helps the body absorb fat

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18
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes

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19
Q

Enzymes

A

Located in the Pancreas

Help digest:

Proteins
Fat
Carbohydrates

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20
Q

Gallbladder

A

Stores bile until needed

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21
Q

Large intestine

A

Absorbs water as the last step of digestion before feces are released

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22
Q

Feces

A

Poop

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23
Q

Rectum

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A

Acts as a temporary storage area for feces

As it stretches it tells you that you need to poo

24
Q

Anus

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A

Opening that controls the expulsion of feces

25
Diseases that affect the digestive system
Crohn’s disease: inflammatory bowel disease Celiac disease: Inflammatory reaction to gluten Ulcers Constipation
26
How do we keep our digestive system healthy?
Eat healthy (fruits & vegetables) Balanced diet Drink water Exercise
27
What is the function of the circulatory system?
Circulates blood Transports food particles, dissolved gases, etc to the cells Consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels
28
Heart
Organ that pumps blood through the body Located behind the sternum on the left side Size of your fist 4 pumping chambers 2 atria receive blood from the veins 2 ventricles pump blood vie the arteries
29
What are the 3 types of blood vessels
Arteries Veins Capillaries
30
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart to the body
31
Veins
Carry blood back to the heart from the body
32
Capillaries
Small hairlike vessels that help carry blood to the cells Connect the circulatory system to the respiratory and digestive system
33
Explain the process of circulation
1. Blood travels out of the left ventricle to the aorta to all tissues and organs in the body and then back to the right atrium 2. Once in the arteries blood flows to smaller arterioles and then to capillaries 3. While in the capillaries the bloodstream delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and picks up waste material 4. Blood travels back through the capillaries into venules and then to larger veins 5. Oxygen-depleted blood is delivered to the right atrium and the blood exits to fill the right ventricle ready to be pumped to the pulmonary circulation for more oxygen
34
Diseases of the circulatory system
Heart attack: Heart doesn’t get enough blood High blood pressure: Heart has to push the blood hard through the arteries Stroke: Blood flow to brain blocked
35
How do you keep your circulatory system healthy?
Don’t smoke Eat healthy (fruits & vegetables) Limit alcohol Reduce stress
36
Diseases that effect the respiratory system
Asthma Lung Cancer Emphysema
37
How do you keep your respiratory system healthy?
Don't smoke/vape Exercise Meditation Avoid pollution Avoid respiratory illnesses
38
What is the function of the urinary system?
Filters the blood and creates urine as a waste product
39
What is the other word for the urinary system?
Renal system
40
Kidneys
Renal artery takes blood to the kidneys where it’s filtered Kidney removes the waste and extra water which become urine
41
Ureter
A tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder
42
Bladder
A hollow organ that stores urine
43
Urethra
A tube that allows urine to pass out of the body
44
What are some diseases that affect the urinary system?
Kidney/Bladder infection Kidney stones Kidney failure Urinary tract infection
45
How do you keep your urinary system healthy?
Keep private area clean Drink cranberry juice if your infected Drink lots of water
46
What is the function of the nervous system?
Transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body
47
What are the 2 nervous systems?
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System
48
What structures does the Central Nervous System include?
Brain Spinal cord
49
What structure does the Peripheral Nervous System include?
Nerves
50
Brain
3lb organ in your head Controls all functions of the body Interprets information from the outside world
51
Spinal cord
Long thin tube of nervous tissue Extends from the brain to the lower back (bum) Protected by the bones of the vertebral column
52
Nerves
Bundles of neurons that relay information using complex electrochemical messages Has sensory neurons and motor neurons
53
Sensory neuron
Takes in information For example Put your hand on the stove the SN tells your brain my fingers are burning Put ice on your leg SN tells your brain my leg is freezing
54
Motor neuron
Carry messages from the brain to the body For example Put your hand on the stove MN sends the message from your brain telling your hand move Put ice on your leg MN sends the message from your brain telling your hand to pick up the ice off your leg
55
What are the parts of the neuron?
Nucleus Cell body Dendrite Myelin Myelin sheath Schwann cell Node of Ranvier Axon Axon terminal
56
What are some diseases that affect your nervous system?
Multiple Sclerosis Cerebral Palsy Spinal cord injury (Paralysis)
57
How do you keep your nervous system healthy?
Wear a helmet when your biking, skiing, etc Wear your seatbelt Don’t be stupid bundooqia

Science 8 (8 decks)

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