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Cells Test Flashcards

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0
Q

What are types of passive transport?

A

Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

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1
Q

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Passive transport

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2
Q

Goes through the lipid layer of cell membrane (oxygen, carbon dioxide, fats, urea, hormones, alcohol)

A

Simple diffusion

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3
Q

Bunds to a carrier protein the membrane to pass through (glucose)

A

Facilitated diffusion

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4
Q

Solvent diffuses through membrane from an area of high concentration of water to low concentration of water

A

Osmosis

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5
Q

The total concentration of all solute particles in a solution( specific gravity)

A

Osmolarity

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6
Q

Type of passive transport in which water and dilutes are forced through the membrane by pressure

A

Filtration

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7
Q

Substances that require energy to get in or out of the cell (Na,K,Ca, amino acids)

A

Active transport

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8
Q

What are examples of active transport?

A

Bulk transport

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9
Q

Active transport for large particles in/out of the cell, uses ATP from the cell, includes endocytosis and exocytosis
EX: wbc eating bacteria

A

Bulk transport

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

Into cell

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11
Q

Exocytosis

A

Out of cell

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12
Q

The ability of a solution to change the tone or shape of cells by altering their internal water volume

A

Tonicity

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13
Q

A solution with equal tonicity

A

Isotonic solution

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14
Q

A solution with higher concentration of salutes than inside a cell, cells lose water and crenate (shrink)

A

Hypertonic solution

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15
Q

A solution with lower concentration of dilutes than inside the cells take on water, they plump up and eventually lyse (burst)

A

Hypotonic solution

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16
Q

Example of isotonic solution

A

Interstitial fluid, IV solutions

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17
Q

Hypertonic example

A

Salt water

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18
Q

Hypotonic example

A

Distillers water

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19
Q

What are the phases of the cell life cycle?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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20
Q

Interphase

A

The cell does its job, grows, and replicates its DNA

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21
Q

What is the longest phase of a cell

A

Interphase

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22
Q

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

A

To pass on genes to new cells or daughter cells

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23
Q

Explain DNA replication

A

DNA uncoils, separated into 2 complementary nucleotide chains, each strand acts as a template for new complementary strands the order of one stand dictates the other, the end result is two new DNA strands each one has a new and old strand,

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24
What are the two chromatid strands of DNA held together by?
A centromere
25
What are the phases of cell division aka Mitosis?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
26
Prophase
Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear, centrioles move to opposite poles, spindle fibers appear
27
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
28
Anaphase
Spindle fibers pull the chromosomes apart leaving pairs of chromatids at opposite poles of the cell
29
Telophase
Chromosomes uncoil and become threadlike, spindle disappears, nuclear membrane and nucleolus appear, cytokinesis occurs
30
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
31
What is the end result of mitosis?
2 identical cells
32
Explain protein synthesis
DNA unwinds, mRNA copies one strand in its complement, the mRNA takes the info to the ribosome, tRNA and rRNA decide and translate messages carried by mRNA inside the ribosome, amino acids are assembled by tRNA that form polypeptide chains, when a chain reaches the stop sequence the chain is released from the ribosome
33
Cells are made of what 4 elements?
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
34
Living cells are what percent water
60%
35
Four different cell shapes found in your body are
disk-shaped, threadlike, cube like, pointed at each end
36
What are the 3 main regions of a cell
Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
37
What are the 3 main parts of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins
38
What do proteins in the cell membrane do?
Act as enzymes, receptors, binding sites, involved in transport.
39
What does microvilli do?
Increases cells surface area for quicker absorption processes
40
Cilia
Move substances along the cell surface
41
Flagella
Propels the cell itself
42
Bind cells together into leakproof sheets that prevent substances from passing through
Tight junctions
43
Desmosomes
Prevent cells from being pulled apart
44
Nucleus
Contains DNA, acts as the control center
45
Nuclear membrane
Regulates what can pass into and out of the nucleus
46
Nucleoli
Site where ribosomes are assembled
47
Chromatin
Contains the genetic info in DNA
48
Plasma membrane
Maintains the cells boundaries, regulates what goes into and out of the cell
49
Cytoplasm
Holds organelles
50
Mitochondria
Supplies ATP to the cell, breaks down food to release energy
51
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
52
Rough er
Carries materials that make the cell membrane
53
Smooth er
Metabolizes lipids and detoxifies drugs and pesticides
54
Golgi body
Packages and transports and modifies proteins
55
Lysosomes
Digest worn out cells and foreign substances
56
Peroxisomes
Detoxifies poisonous substances
57
Centrioles
Generate spindle fibers during mitosis
58
Cytoskeleton
Provides the cell with structure
59
What do most cells metabolize?
Digest food, dispose of wastes, reproduce, grow, move, and respond to stimuli
60
A solution containing small amounts of gases, nutrients, and salts dissolved in water
Intercellular fluids
61
The fluid that continuously bathed the exterior of our cells
Interstitial fluid
62
What 8 things are in interstitial fluid
Amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, vitamins, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, waste products
63
What 3 things make up nucleotides
Base, pentose sugar, phosphate
64
Dna has the nucleotides
TACG
65
RNA has the nucleotides
UACG
66
What bonds hold DNA strands together
Hydrogen bonds
67
When complementary mRNA is made at the DNA
Transcription
68
When info carrier in mRNA is decoded
Translation
69
3 bases that code for amino acids
Triplet
70
Corresponding 3 base sequences in mRNA
Codon

Anatomy (19 decks)

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