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Muscles test Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three types of muscles?

A

skeletal, cardiac and smooth

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2
Q

what are the three functions?

A

movement, posture maintenance, and heat generation

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3
Q

skeletal=

A

locomotion

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4
Q

cardiac=

A

propels blood

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5
Q

smooth=

A

propels substances through organs (urine, food, baby)

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6
Q

posture maintenance- enable us to maintain an ______ or ______ position despite gravity

A

erect

seated

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7
Q

what is heat generation?

A

by-product of muscle metabolism

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8
Q

how do muscles attach to bones?

A

indirectly or directly

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9
Q

muscles attach indirectly by ______

A

tendons

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10
Q

muscles attach directly by fusing to the _____ _________

A

bone periosteum

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11
Q

muscles are supplied with ______ ______ that control its activity

A

nerve endings

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12
Q

muscles are supplied with blood vessels to supply…?

A

oxygen, glucose and remove wastes

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13
Q

skeletal muscles are wrapped in ____ for ________

A

CT

support

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14
Q

each ______ muscle group is a discrete (separate) _______ made up of many muscle _______.

A

skeletal
organ
fibers

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15
Q

muscle tissue are attached to _____ and are under ______ control

A

bones

voluntary

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16
Q

skeletal muscle cells are ______ and ________.

A

cylindrical

multinucleate

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17
Q

what do skeletal muscles cells contain?

A

myoglobin and myofibrils

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18
Q

what is myoglobin?

A

O2 binding protein that stores oxygen in cells

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19
Q

what are myofibrils?

A

rod-like structures that can contract

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20
Q

for skeletal muscle structures, nearly the entire volume of the ____ is filled with numerous, ______ ________ (muscle fibers) that ______.

A

cell
long myofibrils
contract

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21
Q

what are sacromeres?

A

long myofibrils that contract

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22
Q

myofibrils have 2 types of _______ _______

A

filament

proteins

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23
Q

what are two types of filament proteins?

A

actin and myosin

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24
Q

actin =

A

thin filament

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25
myosin=
thick filament
26
nerve stimulus causes:
myosin to attach to actin. actin then slices towards the middle center of the sacromeres and contraction occurs
27
location=
indicates bone or body region
28
what are the 5 shapes/sizes?
trapezius, deltoid, minimus, Maximus, longus
29
trapezuis=
trapezoid
30
deltoid=
triangular
31
minimus=
small
32
Maximus=
large
33
longus=
long
34
number of attachments=
biceps (2), triceps (3)
35
what are the 3 direction run of fibers?
rectus, transverse, and oblique
36
muscles make up _____ of the body's ______
half | mass
37
points of attachment =
origin is named first
38
action=
flexor, extensor, adductor and abductor
39
what are the 6 ways to name skeletal muscles?
location, shape/size, number of attachments, directional run of fibers, points of attachment and action
40
flexor=
muscle serving to bend a body part (decrease angle)
41
extensor=
extends a bodily part; straightens (increase angle)
42
adductor=
move toward midline
43
abductor=
move away from midline
44
supination=
movement of forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly
45
probation=
Palm is moved to a posterior facing
46
circumduction=
angular movements performed in succession so that the limb makes a cone in space
47
inversion=
sole of the foot is turned medially
48
eversion=
sole of the foot faces laterally
49
plantar flexion=
foot is pointed
50
dorsi flexion=
foot is flexed
51
site of attachment on a fixed bone is the ______.
origin
52
site on a bone that moves is the _________.
insertion
53
muscle between the two attachments is called the _______.
belly
54
what are the muscles responsible for a particular movement? and what is the particular movement called?
agonist | prime mover
55
what are the muscles that oppose or reverses this movement?
antagonist
56
occipitalis=
draws scalp backward
57
frontalis=
elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
58
orbicularis oculi=
closes eyelids, squeezes lacrimal gland
59
masseter=
jaw closure; clenched teeth, elevates mandible
60
buccinator=
flattens cheek (whistling); chewing muscle
61
orbicularis oris=
closes lips, purses lips (kissing muscle)
62
platysma=
extends lower lip; wrinkles neck skin
63
sternocleidomastoid=
flexes your neck; bows head (prayer muscle)
64
what are the neck muscles?
platysma and sternocleidomastoid
65
what are the two abdominal muscles?
rectus abdominis and external oblique
66
rectus abdominis=
flexes vertebral column; compresses abdominal organs
67
external oblique=
aids in flexing vertebral column, rotates trunk and bends it laterally
68
pectoralis major=
prime mover of arm flexion
69
trapezius=
raises shoulder; draws scapula back
70
deltoid=
abduction of arm
71
latissimus dorsi=
extends and adducts the humerous
72
biceps brachii=
flexion of forearm; supination
73
triceps brachii=
elbow extension, boxer's muscle
74
brachioardialis=
flexion of forearm
75
flexor carpi muscles=
flexes wrist
76
extensor carpi muscles=
extends wrist
77
gluteus Maximus=
hip extension, helps climb and jump
78
biceps femoris=
extends thigh
79
quadriceps femoris=
(rectus femoris and 3 vastus muscles) powerful knee extensor
80
Gastrocnemius=
plantar fixation
81
soleus=
deep to gastrocnemius; plantar flexion also
82
tibialis anterior=
dorsiflexion, inverts foot

Anatomy (19 decks)

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