CELLS & TISSUES Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
4 CONCEPTS OF THE CELL THEORY
A
A. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
B. The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells.
C. According to the principle of complementarity, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.
D. Continuity of life has a cellular basis.
2
Q
According to the _____, the biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures.
A
THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY
3
Q
Is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
A
A CELL
4
Q
4 elements most cells are composed of
A
CARBON
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
5
Q
The primary basic element of molecules
A
CARBON
6
Q
Most important element
A
CARBON
7
Q
Component of most organic molecules and influences body fluid
A
HYDROGEN
8
Q
Most important genetic materials
A
NITROGEN
9
Q
Major component in organic and inorganic molecules
A
OXYGEN
10
Q
Anatomy of the Cell (3)
A
a. Cells are not all the same
b. All cells share general structures
c. All cells have three main regions (nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane)
11
Q
What are the 3 main regions of cell
A
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
PLASMA MEMBRANE
12
Q
It is the headquarter or control center of the cell
A
NUCLEUS
13
Q
It is called the “blueprint”
A
NUCLEUS
14
Q
It is where DNA located
A
NUCLEUS
15
Q
TYPES OF CELL (7)
A
- Cells that connect body parts
- Cells that cover and line body organs
- Cells that move organs and body parts
- Cell that stores nutrients
- Cell that fights disease
- Cell that gathers information and controls body functions
- Cell of reproduction
16
Q
Importance of red blood cells
A
TRANSPORT OXYGEN
17
Q
during___ is the vital role of white blood cells
A
INFECTION
18
Q
A cell that gathers information and controls body functions
A
NERVE CELLS
19
Q
Reproduction cell of male
A
SPERM
20
Q
Reproduction cell of female
A
OOCYTE
21
Q
Sequence of body tissue
A
Cells when gathered together formed TISSUES, tissues when gathered together formed ORGANS, organs when gathered together formed SYSTEMS, systems when gathered together formed an ENTIRE HUMAN BEING
22
Q
is collectively gathered and form particular tasks
A
CELLS
23
Q
Groups of cells with similar structure and function
A
TISSUES
24
Q
4 primary types of tissues
A
- Epithelial tissue (epithelium)
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Nervous tissue
25
Where do epithelial tissues are located (3)
BODY COVERINGS
BODY LININGS
GLANDULAR TISSUE
26
Functions of epithelial tissues
PROTECTION (SKIN)
ABSORPTION (STOMACH)
FILTRATION (INTESTINES)
SECRETION (GLANDS)
27
Classification of Epithelia
a. Number of cell layers
| b. Shape of cells
28
One layer of cells means?
SIMPLE
29
More than one layer of cells means?
STRATIFIED
30
Flattened shaped of cells means
SQUAMOUS
31
Cube-shaped of cells means
CUBOIDAL
32
Column-like shape of cells means
COLUMNAR
33
Single layer of flat cells
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
34
location of simple squamous (usually forms membranes)
LINES OF BODY CAVITIES
| LINES LUNGS AND CAPILLARIES
35
Functions of simple squamous
IN DIFFUSION, FILTRATION, OR SECRETION IN MEMBRANES
36
Single layer of cube-like cells
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
37
Locations of simple cuboidal
COMMON IN GLANDS AND THEIR DUCTS
FORMS WALLS OF KIDNEY TUBULES
COVERS THE OVARIES
38
Functions of simple cuboidal
IN SECRETION AND ABSORPTION; CILIATED TYPES PROPEL MUCUS OR REPRODUCTIVE CELLS
39
hair-like structure that would line the epithelial cells
CILIA
40
Function of cilia in reproduction
PUSH THE EGG CELL TO TRAVEL
41
Function of cilia in digestion
PUSH THE FOOD FURTHER TO CONTINUE MOVING
42
Function of cilia in the respiratory
PUSH THE AIR FURTHER IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS
43
aid in the movement of substances especially the hallow tubes in our body
CILIA
44
Single layer of tall cells
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
45
What does simple columnar often includes
MUCUS-PRODUCING GLOBET CELLS
46
Location of simple columnar
LINES DIGESTIVE TRACT
47
Functions of simple columnar
SECRETE HORMONES
| ABSORBS NUTRIENTS
48
Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
49
Look like more than 1 layer but it is not
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED
50
Often loos like a double layer of cells but all cells rest on the basement membrane
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
51
Location of pseudostratified columnar
RESPIRATORY TRACT, WHERE IT IS CILIATED
52
Functions of pseudostratified columnar
IN ABSORPTION OR SECRETION
53
TRUE OR FALSE. Cells size is not permanent. It vary depending on the content of the urinary bladder
TRUE
54
Composed of modified stratified squamous epithelium
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
55
Shapes of cells depends upon the amount of stretching
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
56
Functions of transitional epithelium
IN STRETCHING AND THE ABILITY TO RETURN TO NORMAL SHAPE
57
location of transitional epithelium
LINES ORGANS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
58
One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product
GLAND
59
what does secretion contains
PROTEIN MOLECULES IN AN AQUEOUS (WATER-BASED) FLUID
60
2 MAJOR GLAND TYPES
ENDOCRINE GLAND
| EXOCRINE GLAND
61
Ductless since secretion diffuse into blood vessels
ENDOCRINE GLAND
62
All secretion are hormones
ENDOCRINE GLAND
63
Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
EXOCRINE GLAND
64
type of gland that includes sweat and oil glands
EXOCRINE GLANDS
65
Endocrine gland vs Exocrine gland
THE ENDOCRINE GLAND HAS NO OPENING AND IS SEMI PREMIABLE WHICH MEANS ANY CAN PASS THROUGH IT
THE EXOCRINE GLAND HAS AN OPENING WHERE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SWEAT AND OIL GLANDS CAN RELEASE OR PASS THROUGH
66
Found everywhere in the body
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
67
Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
68
Functions of connective tissues
BINDS BODY TISSUES TOGETHER
SUPPORTS THE BODY
PROVIDES PROTECTION
69
Connective tissue types
BONE
HYALINE CARTILAGE
BLOOD
70
type of connective tissue that is an osseous tissue
BONE
71
Bone is composed of (3)....
BONE CELLS IN LACUNAE (CAVITIES)
HARD MATRIX OF CALCIUM SALTS
LARGE NUMBERS OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
72
Functions of bone
```
TO PROTECT AND SUPPORT THE BODY
EX:
SKULL - PROTECTS THE BRAIN
VERTEBRA - PROTECTS THE SPINAL CORD
RIBCAGE - PROTECTS THE LUNGS, HEART, UPPER DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY TRACT
```
73
Most common type of cartilage
HYALINE CARTILAGE
74
Hyaline cartilage is composed of (2)...
ABUNDANT COLLAGEN FIBERS
| RUBBERY MATRIX
75
Locations of hyaline cartilage (2)
LARYNX
| ENTIRE SKELETON PRIOR BIRTH
76
Functions of hyaline cartilage
AS A MORE FLEXIBLE SKELETAL ELEMENT THAN BONE
77
type of connective tissue that is a vascular tissue
BLOOD
78
surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma
BLOOD CELLS
79
A fluid matrix that surrounds the blood cells
BLOOD PLASMA
80
Are visible during clotting
FIBERS
81
Functions of blood
TRANSPORT VEHICLE FOR MATERIALS
82
Its main purpose is to produce movement
MUSCLE TISSUE
83
3 types of muscle tissue
SKELETAL MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
84
It is under involuntary control (cannot control the pumping of the heart)
CARDIAC MUSCLE
85
Where is cardiac muscle located
IN THE HEART
86
Function of cardiac muscle
TO PUMP BLOOD
87
Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
STRIATED
ONE NUCLEUS PER CELL
CELLS ARE ATTACHED TO OTHER CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS AT INTERCALATED DISKS
88
purpose of intercalated discs clasp together
TO CREATE IMPULSE AND RHYTHMIC PATTERN
89
Why is there a gap between intercalated discs
- TO ALLOW ION TO PASS FREELY FROM ONE CELL TO ANOTHER
| - ENTRY OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF THE HEART
90
under involuntary muscle
SMOOTH MUSCLE
91
location of smooth muscle
FOUND IN WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS SUCH AS STOMACH, UTERUS, AND BLOOD VESSELS
92
Characteristics of smooth muscle (3)
NO VISIBLE STRIATIONS
ONE NUCLEUS PER CELL
SPINDLE-SHAPED CELLS
93
Composed of neurons and nerve support cells (neuroglia)
NERVOUS TISSUE
94
What is nerve support cells called?
NEUROGLIA
95
Function of nervous tissue
TO SEND IMPULSES TO OTHER AREAS OF THE BODY
96
2 reactions of nervous tissue
1. IRRITABILITY - ABLE TO RESPOND TO STIMULI
| 2. CONDUCTIVITY - ABLE TO CONDUCT IMPULSES
97
Function of neuroglia (nerve support cells)
INSULATE, PROTECT, AND SUPPORT NEURONS
98
2 types of tissue repair (wound healing)
REGENERATION
| FIBROSIS
99
Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
REGENERATION
100
Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue)
FIBROSIS
101
Whether regeneration or fibrosis occurs depends on (2):
TYPE OF TISSUE DAMAGED
| SEVERITY OF THE INJURY
102
TRUE OR FALSE. The larger the wound, the longer it takes to heal.
TRUE
103
3 events in tissue repair
INFLAMMATION
GRANULATION TISSUE FORMS
REGENERATION OF SURFACE EPITHELIUM
104
Due to inflammation capillaries become...
VERY PREMEABLE
105
Events in the tissue repair where clotting proteins migrate into the area form the blood stream
INFLAMMATION
106
Events in the tissue repair where a clot walls off the injured area
INFLAMMATION
107
Granulation tissue forms (2)...
GROWTH OF NEW CAPILLARIES
| REBUILD COLLAGE FIBERS
108
Events in the tissue repair where scab detaches
REGENERATION OF SURFACE EPITHELIUM
109
Cells that connect body parts
ERYTHROCYTES
110
Cells that cover and line body organs
EPITHELIAL CELLS
111
Cells that move organs and body parts
SKELETAL MUSCLE CELL
112
Cells that stores nutrients
FAT CELL
113
Cell that fights disease
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
114
Cells that gathers information and controls the body functions
NERVE CELL
115
Cell of reproduction
SPERM
116
An organ where simple cuboidal can be found
KIDNEY TUBULES
117
An organ where simple squamous can be found
ALVEOLAR (AIR SAC) WALLS
118
An organ where simple columnar can be found
SMALL INTESTINE
119
An organ where pseudostratified columnar can be found
HUMAN TRACHEA
120
An organ where transitional epithelium can be found
URINARY BLADDER
