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ANAPHY > THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION > Flashcards

THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

Study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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3
Q

Anatomy - Levels of Study

A

GROSS ANATOMY

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

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4
Q

level of anatomy that are large structures and easily observed

A

GROSS ANATOMY

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5
Q

level of anatomy where structures cannot be seen with the naked eye and can only be viewed with a microscope

A

MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY

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6
Q

An organ system that forms the external body covering

A

INTEGURMENTARY SYSTEM

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7
Q

An organ system that protects and supports the body organs

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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8
Q

An organ system that produces movement

A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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9
Q

An organ system that protects deeper tissue from injury

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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10
Q

An organ system that provides muscle attachment for movement

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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11
Q

An organ system that maintains posture

A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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12
Q

An organ system that helps regulate the body temperature and is located in the cutaneous nerve receptors

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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13
Q

An organ system that stores minerals and site of blood formation

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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14
Q

An organ system that produces heat

A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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15
Q

An organ system that responds to internal and external change

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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16
Q

Fast-acting control system which activates muscles and glands

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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17
Q

An organ system that secretes regulatory hormones

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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18
Q

Regulatory hormones of endocrine system (3)

A

GROWTH
REPRODUCTION
METABOLISM

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19
Q

An organ system that transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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20
Q

What does the blood carry (4)

A

OXYGEN
CARBON DIOXIDE
NUTRIENTS
WASTES

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21
Q

An organ system that returns fluid to blood vessels and cleanses the blood

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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22
Q

An organ system that is involved in immunity

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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23
Q

An organ system that keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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24
Q

An organ system that breaks down food and allows for nutrient absorption into blood

A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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25
An organ system that eliminates indigestible materials as feces
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
26
indigestible materials are called
FECES
27
An organ system that eliminates nitrogenous wastes and maintains acid-base balance
URINARY SYSTEM
28
An organ system that regulates water and electrolytes
URINARY SYSTEM
29
An organ system that produces offspring
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
30
A reproductive organ that produces sperm and is a male hormone
SPERM
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A reproductive organ that produces eggs and is a female hormone
OVARIES
32
8 necessary life functions
``` MAINTAIN BOUNDARIES MOVEMENT RESPONSIVENESS DIGESITON METABOLISM EXCRETION REPRODUCTION GROWTH ```
33
locomotion; movement of substances
MOVEMENT
34
Ability to sense changes and react
RESPONSIVENESS
35
Breakdown and absorption of nutrients
DIGESTION
36
breakdown complex molecules into smaller ones
METABOLISM
37
build larger molecules form smaller ones
METABOLISM
38
produces energy and is regulated by hormones
METABOLISM
39
Eliminates waste from metabolic reactions
EXCRETION
40
waste may be removed in urine and feces
EXCRETION
41
Occurs on cellular level or organismal level
REPRODUCTION
42
produces future generation
REPRODUCTION
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increases cell size and number of cells
GROWTH
44
5 survival needs
``` WATER STABLE BODY TEMPERATURE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE NUTRIENTS OXYGEN ```
45
what is the stable temperature of the body
37 degrees Celcius or 98 degrees Fahrenheit
46
most abundant chemical in the human body
WATER
47
provides for metabolic reaction and it is 60 to 80 percent of body weight
WATER
48
must be appropriate for gas exchange
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
49
chemicals for energy and cell building which includes carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals
NUTRIENTS
50
required for chemical reactions
OXYGEN
51
a maintenance of a stable internal environment
HOMEOSTASIS
52
a disturbance in homeostasis resulting in disease
HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE
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a dynamic state of equilibrium and is necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life
HOMEOSTASIS
54
special terminology is used to prevent misunderstanding
LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
55
exacts terms of the language of anatomy are used for
POSITION DIRECITON REGIONS STRUCTURES
56
2 regional terms
ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS | POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
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meaning of Anterior
FRONT
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meaning of Posterior
BACK
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a directional term describes toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body (above)
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL)
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a directional term describes away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body (below)
INFERIOR (CAUDAL)
61
a directional term describes toward or at the front of the body (in front of)
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL)
62
a directional term describes toward or ar the backside of the body (behind)
POSTERIOR (DORSAL)
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a directional term describes toward or at the midline of the body (on the inner side of)
MEDIAL
64
a directional term describes away from the midline of the body; (on the outer side of)
LATERAL
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a directional term describes between a more medial and a more lateral structure
INTERMEDIATE
66
a directional term describes close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk
PROXIMAL
67
a directional term describes farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
DISTAL
68
a directional term describes toward or at the body surface
SUPERFICIAL
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a directional term describes away from the body surface (more internal)
DEEP
70
a body plane/section that divides body into left and right parts
SAGITTAL
71
a body plane/section that divides the body into equal left and right parts
MEDIAN OR MIDSAGITTAL
72
a body plane/section that divides the body into anterior and posterior ends
FRONTAL OR CORONAL
73
a body plane/section that divides body into superior and inferior parts
TRANSVERSE OR CROSS
74
What are the 4 quadrants of the body
RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ) LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ) RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ) LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)
75
9 regions
``` RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION EPIGESTRIC REGION (UPPER CENTER PART) LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION RIGHT LUMBAR REGION UMBILICAL REGION (CENTER) LEFT LUMBAR REGION RIGHT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) REGION (LOWER CENTER PART) LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION ```
76
(2) ORGANS IN THE RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
LIVER | GALLBLADDER
77
(1) ORGAN IN EPIGESTRIC REGION
STOMACH
78
(1) ORGAN IN THE LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION
DIAPHRAGM
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(1) ORGAN IN THE RIGHT LUMBAR REGION
ASCENDING COLON OF LARGE INTESTINE
80
(2) ORGANS IN THE UMBILICAL REGION
SMALL INTESTINE | TRANSVERSE COLON OF LARGE INTESTINE
81
(2) ORGANS IN THE LEFT LUMBAR REGION
DESCENDING COLON OF LARGE INTESTINE
82
(2) ORGANS IN THE ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION
CECUM | APPENDIX
83
(1) ORGAN IN HYPOGASTRIC (PUBIC) REGION
URINARY BLADDER
84
(2) ORGANS IN THE LEFT ILIAC (INGUINAL) REGION
INITIAL PART OF SIGMOID COLON

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