Cells & Tissues Flashcards
(29 cards)
A cell consists of…
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, non membranous organelles & membranous organelles.
Membranous organelles consist of…
Mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgia apparatus, lysoses & peroxisomes.
Non membranous organelles consists of…
Cytoskeleton, micro villi, centrioles, chillia, flagella & ribosomes.
The cell membrane consists of…
Phospholipids, glycolipids, protein & cholesterol.
What are the two types of cells?
Sex cells & somatic cells
What are the major functions of the cell membrane?
Physical isolation, regulation of permeability, sensitivity & structural support.
What are the passive processes?
Diffusion, osmosis & fascilliated diffusion.
What is diffusion?
Passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration until even.
What is fascilliated diffusion?
Used by substances that can’t pass through the semi permeable membrane. Bind to specialised protein molecules (lock and key) and travel across the membrane and are deposited.
What is active transport?
Transport of cells UP their concentration gradient. Protein molecules use ATP to transport substances across the membrane in either direction.
What is Endocytosis?
Energy using process where cells absorb molecules by engulfing them.
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water down it’s concentration gradient. From an area of high water concentration to and area of low water concentration across a semi permeable membrane.
What is phagocytosis?
‘All eating’. Endocytosis of large particles.
What is Pinocytosis?
‘All drinking’
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
What are Mitochondria?
The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. They create energy.
What are Ribosomes?
Synthesise proteins from amino acids using RNA. Make proteins for use within the cell.
What are Endoplasmic reticulum?
Two types: smooth & rough. They are interconnecting membranous canals in the cytoplasm.
What are Golgi Apparatus?
Proteins move from Endoplasmic Reticulum to Golgi apparatus where they are packaged into vesicles.
What are Lysosomes?
Contain enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules into smaller particles.
What are the 4 main types of tissue?
Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue & nervous tissue.
Two types of epithelial tissue…
Simple (a single layer of cells)
Stratified (several layers of cells)
Functions of connective tissue…
Transport, protection, storing energy, structural framework.
Different classifications of connective tissue…
Connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, supporting connective tissue.
