The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(20 cards)
Functions of muscles…
Body motion, heat production, maintaining posture & stabilising joints.
The musculoskeletal system consists of…
Bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints & muscles.
Characteristics of muscles…
Excitability, contractility, extensibility & elasticity
What are antagonistic pairs?
Muscles in the body arranged so their actions oppose each other e.g bending the elbow
What is epimysium?
Dense tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
What is perimysium?
Dense tissue that divides the muscle into parallel compartments of fascicles
What is endomysium?
Dense tissue that surrounds the individual muscle fibres
What are the three muscle tissue types?
Skeletal, cardiac and visceral (smooth muscle)
What is skeletal muscle?
Multi nucleated and striated. Moves bones. Voluntary.
What is cardiac muscle?
1 nucleus, striated and has intercalated disks. Pumps blood around the body. Involuntary.
What is visceral muscle?
1 nucleus, no striations. Various functions e.g peristalsis. Involuntary
When a muscle contracts it…
Shortens
Contraction is triggered by the presence of…
Calcium ions
Muscle contraction needs
ATP
There are many mitochondria which produces…
ATP from glucose and oxygen
What is the sliding filament theory?
Actin filaments sliding towards each other
When a muscle relaxes is becomes…
Longer
Muscle contraction starts when…
An impulse travels down the axon of a nerve
Exercise causes…
An increase in mitochondria, increase in activity of muscle spindles, increase in glycogen reserves
Muscle atrophy is…
Discontinued use of the muscle. Causes lack of tone and size of muscle
