cells, tissues,.etc Flashcards
(31 cards)
Epithelial tissue has the function of:
Covering body surfaces
Epithelial tissue covers the body’s surfaces, such as skin and the lining of intestines.
An organ is defined as
A group of different tissues
An organ is composed of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function.
What is active transport?
The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the use of energy from respiration.
Active transport is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Define adult stem cell.
A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells.
Adult stem cells are typically found in specific tissues and have limited differentiation potential compared to embryonic stem cells.
What is agar jelly used for?
A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.
Agar jelly provides a solid surface for the growth of bacteria and fungi.
What is cell differentiation?
The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.
This process is crucial for the development of multicellular organisms.
What is the cell membrane?
A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell.
The cell membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances.
What is the function of the cell wall?
An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.
The cell wall provides structural support and protection.
What is the chloroplast?
An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy.
What are chromosomes?
DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.
Chromosomes are critical for genetic inheritance.
Define concentration gradient.
The difference in concentration between two areas.
Concentration gradients drive processes like diffusion and osmosis.
What is diffusion?
The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion is a passive transport process.
What is an embryonic stem cell?
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human cells.
Embryonic stem cells have the greatest potential for differentiation.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells are complex and have various organelles.
Define magnification.
How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object.
Magnification is important in microscopy.
What are meristematic cells?
A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell.
Meristematic cells are found in growing regions of plants.
What is the function of mitochondria?
An organelle which is the site of respiration.
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from one parent cell.
Mitosis is essential for growth and repair.
What is the nucleus?
An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the cell and controls the activities of the cell.
The nucleus is often referred to as the control center of the cell.
Define organelle.
A specialised structure found inside a cell.
Organelles perform specific functions necessary for the cell’s life.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
Osmosis is crucial for maintaining cell turgor.
What is a plasmid?
Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
Plasmids can carry genes that confer antibiotic resistance.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells are simpler and generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Define resolution.
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen.
Higher resolution allows for more detailed observations.
