cells xx

Question 1

what cells are plant and animal?

Answer 1

eukaryotic

Question 2

what sub cellular structures do animal cells have?

Answer 2

cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, cell membrane, mitochondria

Question 3

what sub cellular structures do plants have?

Answer 3

mitochondria, ribosome, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplast, vacuole, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 4

what kind of cell is bacterial cell?

Answer 4

prokaryotic

Question 5

what are sub cellular structures do bacterial cells have?

Answer 5

pili, flagellum, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, ribosome, plasmids

Question 6

how are cell specialised?

Answer 6

by differnatiation

Question 7

what differentiation?

Answer 7

process that involves a cell gaining new sub cellular structures in order for it to be suited for its role

Question 8

when are the time cells will differentiate?

Answer 8

early on or their whole life (called stem cells)

Question 9

how often do animals differentiate?

Answer 9

once, plants retain the ability

Question 11

what are examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 11

sperm cells, egg cells, ciliates epithelial cells

Question 12

how are sperm cells specialised to their function?

Answer 12

specialised to carry makes dna to egg cell (ovum) for successful reproduction

• streamlined head and long tail to aid swimming
• many mitochondria - supply energy to allow cell movement
• haploid nucleus - 23 chromosomes
• acrosome has digestive enzymes ti break down outer layer of membrane in egg cells

Question 13

how are egg cell specialised to its function?

Answer 13

specialised to accept a single sperm cell and develop into an embryo

• surrounded by special cell membrane which can accept only one sperm cell ( during fertilisation), becomes impearable following this
• lots of mitochondria to provide energy source for developing embryo
• large size and cytoplasm to allow quick, repeated division as the embryo grows

Question 14

how are ciliates epithelial cells specialised to its function?

Answer 14

specialised to waft bacteria (trapped by mucus) to the stomach

long hair-like processes called cilia waft bacteria trapped by sticky mucus down to the stomach - killed by stomach acid (process our body uses to protect from illness)

Question 15

what are examples of plant specialised cells?

Answer 15

root hair cells, xylem cells, phloem cells

Question 16

how are root hair cells specialised to its function?

Answer 16

to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil as they are found in the tips of the roots

• large surface area due tit he root hair cells, more water can move in
• large perm vacuole affects speed of movement of water from soil to cell
• mitochondria provided energy from respiration for the active transport of mineral ions to the root hair cells

Question 17

how are xylem cells specialised to their function ?

Answer 17

specialised to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the root to the shoots

• upon formation, a chemical called lignin is deposited which causes the cell to die. they become hollow and are joined end - to - end to form a continuous tube so water and mineral ions can move through
• lignin deposited in spirals which helps the cells withstand the pressure from the movement of water

Question 18

how are phloem cells specialised to its function?

Answer 18

specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis (food) to all parts of the plant

• cell walls of each cell form structures called sieve plates when they break down allowing movement of substances from cell to cell
• despite losing many sub - cellular structures, the energy these cells need to be alive us supplied by the mitochondria of the companion cells