CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS

Question 1

Enumerate the the 7 cellular adaptation

Answer 1

1. Athropy
   2.Metaplasia
   3.DYSPLASIA
   4.ANAPLASIA
2. NEOPLASIA
3. HYPERTROPHY
4. HYPERPLASIA

Question 2

Acquired decrease in tissue or organ size
A. Pressure Atrophy
B.atrophy
C. HYPERPLASIA

Answer 2

Atrophy

Question 3

Type of Atrophy that may develop or occur as a consequence of
maturation

A. Pressure Atrophy
B.hunger
C.physiologic atrophy
D. Pathologic Atrophy

Answer 3

Physiologic atrophy

Question 4

1. The atrophy ofthymus at puberty
   2.The decrease in uterus size after childbirth

Are example of?
A. Physiologic Hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia

Answer 4

B. Physiologic atrophy

Question 5

Persistent pressure on the organ or tissues may directly injure the cells or may secondarily promote diminution of blood supply.

A. Pathologic Atrophy
B. METAPLASIA
C. Pressure Atrophy

Answer 5

Pressure Atrophy

Question 6

Vascular Atrophy may develop as a result of –?

A. Pathologic Atrophy
b. Pressure Atrophy

Answer 6

B. Pressure atrophy

Question 7

Due to lack of nutritional supply to sustain normal growth

Answer 7

Hunger atrophy

Question 8

Due to lack of hormones needed to maintain normal size and structure

A. Atrophy of Disease
B. Endocrine hyperplasia
C. Endocrine atrophy

Answer 8

Endocrine atrophy

Question 9

Inactivity or diminished function

A. Atrophy of Disease
B. Physiologic Hypertrophy
C. Mesenchymal metaplasia

Answer 9

A. Atrophy of Disease

Question 10

Too much workload can cause general wasting of tissues

Answer 10

Exhaustion Atrophy

Question 11

→ Increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in the number of cells
→ NO NEWCELLS ARE PRODUCED

A. HYPERTROPHY
B.METAPLASIA
C.HYPERPLASIA

Answer 11

A. Hypertrophy

Question 12

Ex. skeletal muscles due to frequent exercise, may revert to normal by removing the stimulus
A.Physiologic hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Atrophy
C. Compensatory Hypertrophy

Answer 12

A.Physiologic hypertrophy

Question 13

• May develop as response to a deficiency
• Occurs when one of the paired organs is removed

A, Compensatory Hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Hypertrophy

Answer 13

A, Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 14

Ex: 1.Renal Hypertrophy

A. Pathologic Hypertrophy
B. Compensatory Hypertrophy

Answer 14

B. Compensatory Hypertrophy

Question 15

1.Hypertrophy of the myocardium due to hypertension
2. Aortic valve disease

These are example of what?

A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B.compensatory hypertrophy
C. Pathologic Hypertrophy

Answer 15

C. Pathologic hypertrophy

Question 16

→ Increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in the number of cells making up the organ
→ NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED

A. Hyperplasia
B.hypertrophy
C. Atrophy

Answer 16

A. Hyperplasia

Question 17

1. Increase in breast and uterus size during pregnancy
2. Increase in breast size during puberty due to glandular stimulation
3. Erythroid bone marrow

Are example of?

A. Physiologic hyperplasia
B. Compensatory hyperplasia
C.pathologic hyperplasia

Answer 17

A. Physiologic hyperplasia

Question 18

Can be observed in Grave’s Disease

A.hyperplasia
B.pathologic hyperplasia
C.pathologic atrophy

Answer 18

B, pathologic hyperplasia

Question 19

diffuse crowding of epithelial cells (increase of EC)

A. Pathologic hyperplasia
B.graves disease
C. Metaplasia

Answer 19

B. Grave’s disease

Question 20

Endometrium due to excessive estrogen

A.pathologic hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C.pathologic metaplasia

Answer 20

A.pathologic hyperplasia

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE

Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia both frequently occur together and is triggered by the same stimulus

Answer 21

True!

Question 22

Considered as a REVERSIBLE PROCESS

A.atresia
B. Atrophy
C.hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia

Answer 22

D. Metaplasia

Question 23

Adult to-Adult Cell Transformation

Answer 23

Metaplasia

Question 24

2 types of metaplasia

Answer 24

1.Mesenchymal metaplasia
2.Epithelial metaplasia

Question 25

The cells involved in the transformation are Epithelial cells

Answer 25

Epithelial metaplasia

Question 26

The cells involved in the transformation are Connective tissue cells

Answer 26

Mesenchymal metaplasia

Question 27

Ciliated columnar epithelium of Bronchi + Cigarette Smoking= What is the metaplastic tissue?

Answer 27

Squamous epithelium

Question 28

Transitional epithelium of Bladder +Trauma of Bladder=

Answer 28

Squamous epithelium

Question 29

Columnar glandular epithelium+ Vitamin A. deficiency= Metastatic tissue

Answer 29

Squamous epithelial

Question 30

Gastric Acidity may be triggered due to drinking coffee. What is the original tissue?

Answer 30

Esophageal squamous epithelium

Question 31

Esophageal squamous epithelium what will be the metastatic tissue?

Answer 31

Columnar Epithelium

Question 32

**Aka PRE-NEOPLASTIC LESION or ATYPICAL METAPLASIA** A. ANAPLASIA B. NEOPLASIA C. DYSPLASIA

Answer 32

C. DYSPLASIA

Question 33

No transformation, only change in cell size. shape, and orientation (the arrangement of cells) A. Anaplasia B.dysplasia

Answer 33

B.dysplasia

Question 34

→ A reversible process → May lead to cancer but not necessarily A. NEOPLASIA B. DYSPLASIA C. NEOPLASIA

Answer 34

B. DYSPLASIA

Question 35

Aka DE-DIFFERENTIATION

Answer 35

ANAPLASIA

Question 36

Transformation of Adult cells to Embryonic or Fetal cells

Answer 36

ANAPLASIA

Question 37

An irreversible process A. Anaplasia B.dysplasia

Answer 37

A. Anaplasia

Question 38

NOT A CELLULAR ADAPTATION MECHANISM A. Liquefactive Necrosis B. Hypoxic C. Neoplasia

Answer 38

Neoplasia