Cellular Annate Immunity

Question 1

What is the name of bone-marrow derived cells?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

What type of cells are called polymorphonuclear?

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

What cells have neutral cytoplasm granules?

Answer 3

Neutrophils

Question 4

What type of cells are sequestered in liver, spleen, bone marrow and lungs?

Answer 4

Neutrophils

Question 5

What type of cells delivery a rapid response to invaders?

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

What type of cells are first line of defense and are phagocytic?

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Question 7

Where are neutrophils located?

Answer 7

Blood circulation

Question 8

What is the sequence of Rolling- Adherence-Emigration-Chemotaxis of?

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

What migrates to high chemokine concentrations?

Answer 9

Neutrophils

Question 10

What are mannose binding lectin, fibronectin, complement, antibodies?

Answer 10

Opsonins

Question 11

What type of traps prevent microorganisms from spreading, captures and kills bacteria, and made of DNA strands?

Answer 11

Neutrophil extracellular traps

Question 12

Do neutrophils kill smaller or bigger microorganisms?

Answer 12

Bigger

Question 13

What process involves- Microorganism is engulfed- Phagosome- and Microorganisms destruction?

Answer 13

Ingestion

Question 14

Hypochlorite, Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and singlet oxygen, are example of what type of species?

Answer 14

Reactive oxygen species- Respiratory burst

Question 15

When are reactive oxygen species produced?

Answer 15

By neutrophils in the presence of pathogens

Question 16

What does CD stand for?

Answer 16

Cluster of differentiation

Question 17

Do neutrophils have receptors for complement proteins? What are they called?

Answer 17

Complement receptors

Question 18

Antibody receptor, complement receptor, and cell adhesion molecules all make up what?

Answer 18

Neutrophil receptors- CD

Question 19

What are bone marrow-derived cells called when they are in the blood stream?

Answer 19

Monocytes

Question 20

What type of cells produce cytokines and chemokines?

Answer 20

Macrophages

Question 21

What type of cells are long-lived and sentinel?

Answer 21

Macrophages

Question 22

Which cells main role is in inflammation and tissue repair?

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

What are macrophages called when they are found in the serosa, bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes?

Answer 23

Macrophages

Question 24

What are macrophages called when they are found in the brain?

Answer 24

Macrophages

Question 25

What are macrophages called when they are found in connective tissue?

Answer 25

Histiocytes

Question 26

What are macrophages called when they are found in the liver?

Answer 26

Kupffer cells

Question 27

What are macrophages called when they are found in the lungs?

Answer 27

Alveolar and intravascular macrophages

Question 28

What cells migrate from blood vessels to tissues?

Answer 28

Macrophages

Question 29

What cells are increased and sustained phagocytic activity as compared with neutrophils?

Answer 29

Macrophages

Question 30

What are Nitrogen dioxide, nitrate, dinitrogen tetroxide, and nitryl chloride examples of?

Answer 30

Reactive nitrogen species- macrophages

Question 31

What are the 2 types of macrophage polarizations?

Answer 31

M1 and M2

Question 32

What type of macrophage polarization is: Host defense- inflammation?

Answer 32

M1

Question 33

What type of macrophage polarization is: Suppress inflammation- tissue repair?

Answer 33

M2

Question 34

What are transport, cytokine, complement, antibody, and other receptors examples of?

Answer 34

Macrophage receptors

Question 35

In dogs, where does the majority of bacteria clearance by macrophages done by?

Answer 35

Liver/spleen

Question 36

In cats, where does the majority of bacteria clearance by macrophages done by?

Answer 36

Lungs

Question 37

What is the result of neutrophil enzymes degraded, and cytokines and lipids not released?

Answer 37

Removal of dying neutrophils

Question 38

Persistent infection and inflammation, continuous M2 polarization, and increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition are examples of what type of inflammation?

Answer 38

Chronic inflammation

Question 39

What does chronic inflammation result in?

Answer 39

Granuloma