Cellular function Flashcards
(29 cards)
Passive Transport
No energy
HC -> LC
What does the mitochondria do?
Produces ATP
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Makes lysosomes
Takes in protein, modifies it, places it in vesicles.
Function of cytoskeleton
Helps cells maintain shape, internal organization, enables cells to carry out division and movement
Channel mediated passive transport
Facilitated diffusion
Protein tunnels allow substances to pass through
‘Gated’ channels open & close
Semi permeable
Carrier mediated transport
Passive
HC -> LC
Facilitated diffusion
Protein attracts certain molecules
Changes shape to release on other side of membrane
Osmosis
Form of diffusion
Movement of water across semipermeable membrane
HC -> LC
Keeps osmotic pressure in cells constant
Hypotonic solution
Cell swells bc of water movement INTO cell
Hypertonic solution
Loses water, shrink
OUT of cell
Isotonic solution
Maintains same volume, no movement of water
Simple diffusion
Molecules pass through phospholipid bilayer
HC -> LC
Permeable
Diffuse across membrane
Only specific molecules can pass through
Impermeant
Cannot pass through
Solution
Mixture of one or more solutes (sugar) and a solvent (water)
Equilibrium
Both solutions have equal concentrations
Dynamic equilibrium
During homeostasis, diffusion does not stop
Osmotic pressure
Pressure prevents movement of water
Filtration
Movement of solutes down a concentration gradient by hydrostatic pressure (H -> L)
Active transport
Requires energy
LC -> HC
Types of active transport
Pumps
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
LC -> HC
Pumps
Maintain concentration of ions needed for a specific process
ATP
HC -> LC
Against concentration gradient
General cell function, muscle contraction, nerve conduction
Endocytosis
Brings material INTO cell
Active transport
LC -> HC
Phagocytosis
Breaks down bacteria, foreign substances.
Lysosomes would destroy foreign substance.
Exocytosis
Active transport
LC -> HC
Moves substances OUT of the cell via vesicle
Moves proteins
