Cellular Functions

Question 1

What are cell membranes composed of?

Answer 1

Lipids and proteins

Question 2

Three major types of proteins

Answer 2

Fibrous proteins, Globular proteins(Integral proteins, Peripheral proteins)

Question 3

Some lipid-soluble substances that can pass through the membrane easily

Answer 3

Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Steriods

Question 4

Some water-soluble substances that cannot pass through the cell membrane. How do these substances enter and/or leave the cell?

Answer 4

Water, Glucose, Amino acids, Ions. These substances enter the cell with the help of various proteins in the cell membrane.

Question 5

How are fibrous proteins arranged in the membrane? What is the one main role of fibrous proteins?

Answer 5

The fibrous proteins may span the entire membrane and serve as receptors for the cell.

Question 6

How does water pass through the membrane?

Answer 6

One type of globular protein forms ‘pores’ for water molecules to pass through.

Question 7

What is a glycoprotein? What is the role of a glycoprotein?

Answer 7

Glycoproteins are proteins with carbohydrates associations that identify the cell.

Question 8

What is the role of cholesterol in the membrane?

Answer 8

It helps make the membrane-impermeable to water-soluble substances. It also stabilizes the membrane.

Question 9

Transport that requires energy

Answer 9

Active transport

Question 10

Solution has a greater concentration of molecules

Answer 10

Hypertonic

Question 11

Type of transport that does not require energy

Answer 11

Passive transport

Question 12

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

A difference in concentration

Answer 13

Gradient

Question 14

Let some things through; selectively_______

Answer 14

permeable

Question 15

Solution has a lesser concentration of molecules

Answer 15

Hypotonic

Question 16

Helps move material across membrane

Answer 16

Channel protein

Question 17

A major component of the cell membrane

Answer 17

Phospholipid

Question 18

Prefix that means inside

Answer 18

“Endo”

Question 19

Prefix that means outside

Answer 19

“Exo”

Question 20

Diffusion of water

Answer 20

Osmosis

Question 21

When molecules are evenly spread out

Answer 21

Equilibrium

Question 22

Why are cell so small

Answer 22

For cells to survive they need to be able to exchange materials with their environment. The rate of material exchange depends on the cells surface area in comparison to its volume. The smaller the cell, the higher the surface area to volume ratio.

Question 23

What is passive transport?

Answer 23

Transport along the concentration, gradient from high to low. Doesn’t require energy to move substances.

Question 24

What is active transport?

Answer 24

Transport against the concentration, gradient from low to high. Requires cellular energy(ATP).

Question 25

What are the three main types of passive transport?

Answer 25

Simple diffusion: movement of small molecules (e.g.- oxygen, carbon dioxide) Osmosis: movement of water molecules Facilitated diffusion: movement of large or charged molecules via the proteins.

Question 26

What are the main types of active transport

Answer 26

Endocytosis: Moves molecules IN to the cell Exocytosis: Exports molecules OUT of the cell

Question 27

Nucleus

Answer 27

Control centre of the cell. Contains all the cell instructions and genetic information in DNA. Has a nucleolus inside.

Question 28

Cell membrane

Answer 28

Provides protection for a cell. Transports nutrients and other substances into and out of the cell.

Question 29

Cytoplasm

Answer 29

Thick solution that fills the cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. Most of the important activities occur in the cytoplasm.

Question 30

Mitochondria

Answer 30

The organelle that generates most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell.

Question 31

Ribosome

Answer 31

Composed of RNA and creates proteins that the cell needs.

Question 32

Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth&rough)

Answer 32

Channels that transport substances within the cell.

Question 33

Golgi apparatus

Answer 33

Organelle that packages material into vesicles for export from a cell.

Question 34

Lysosomes

Answer 34

A membrane-bound cell organelle that contains enzymes. They may be used to destroy viruses and bacteria.

Question 35

Vacuole

Answer 35

Structure within cells (mainly plant cells) filled with fluid. In plant, cells vacuoles help maintain water balance.

Question 36

Chloroplast

Answer 36

Organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis. It converts the sun's ray into energy that the cell can use.

Question 37

Cell wall

Answer 37

Semi-rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane in cells of plants, algae and bacteria. Protects the cell from injury. It maintains the shape of the cell.

Question 38

Organelles found in animal cells

Answer 38

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth&rough), ribosomes, mitochondria.

Question 39

What do plant cells have that animal cells don't have?

Answer 39

Large central vacuole, cell wall, chloroplasts