Cellular life

Question 1

Hazards definition

Answer 1

In scientific environments, harzards encompass various threats, (inc. chemical, biological, physical dangers) requiring careful identification and mitigation to ensure safety.

Question 2

Risks definition

Answer 2

Risks refer to chance or probability of a hazard will cause harm or damage

Question 3

Precaution definition

Answer 3

Measure taken before something potentially dangerous or harmful happens.

Question 4

Laboratory rules

Answer 4

1. Only enter a lab when told to do so by teacher
2. Don’t eat/ drink
3. Follow instructions precisely
4. Wear eye protection
5. Tie cloth/hair when using naked flames
6. Always stand up when using hazardous substances
7. Wash your hands
8. Don’t put solids in the sink
9. Wipe spills

Question 5

8 Things to classify an organism as ALIVE

Answer 5

MRS GREN
1. Movement
2. Respiration
3. Sensitivity
4. Control
5. Growth
6. Reproduction
7. Excretion
8. Nutrition

Question 6

Movement definition

Answer 6

Ability to move in some way without outside help

Question 7

Respiration definition

Answer 7

Getting energy from food. Respiration is a chemical reaction that happens in all living cells, including plant cells/animal cells. It is the way that energy is released.

Question 8

Sensitivity definition

Answer 8

Detecting and responding to changes in their surroundings

Question 9

Control definition

Answer 9

Maintain constant internal environment

Question 10

Growth definition

Answer 10

Increase in size (size of cells/ or number)

Question 11

Reproduction definition

Answer 11

Making more living things

Question 12

Excretion definition

Answer 12

Getting rid of metabolic waste

Question 13

Nutrition definition

Answer 13

Taking in/using food

Question 14

Animals need to live:

Answer 14

Animals need:
- Air (source of oxygen)
- Water (to store/transport substance)
- Food (for nutrition)

Question 15

Plants need to live:

Answer 15

Plants need:
- Air (source of Oxygen + Carbon dioxide)
- Water (nutrition + store & transport substance)
- Nutrients from soil
- LIGHT (to absorb energy)

Question 16

Variable definition

Answer 16

Anything that can change is called a variable

Question 17

Independent variable definition

Answer 17

Independent variable =

A variable that you CAN CHANGE in an investigation (e.g. water/light exposure)

Question 18

Dependent variable definition

Answer 18

Dependent variable =

A variable that you MEASURE in an investigation (height of the plant)

Question 19

Range definition

Answer 19

The range of values for your independent variable (highest-lowest values)

Question 20

Interval definition

Answer 20

Difference between your independent variable values

Question 21

Structure of Animal cell

Answer 21

Animal cell includes:
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria

Question 22

Structure of plant cell

Answer 22

Plan cell includes:
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts

Question 23

Where does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 23

Chlorophylls in Chloroplasts

Chloroplast contain chlorophyll for absorbing the sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 24

Where does chemical reactions take place in a cell?

Answer 24

Cytoplasm

This is a jelly like substance that is the site of chemical reactions

Question 25

Where does respiration take place in the cell?

Answer 25

Mitochondria Carry out reactions of respiration for the release of energy

Question 26

Which part of the cell contain the genetic information?

Answer 26

Nucleus Determines the characteristic of the cell. It contains DNA (that the cells need to grow and reproduce)

Question 27

Which part of the cell contains the cell sap?

Answer 27

Vacuole This is a space within the cytoplasm of plant cells that contains cell sap, a sore of water and chemicals

Question 28

Which part of the cell gives strength and support?

Answer 28

Cell wall A layer of cellulose that surrounds the cell to strengthen and give support

Question 29

Which part of the cell allows substances to enter and leave

Answer 29

Cell Membrane This surrounds the cells and controls which substances enter and leave the cell

Question 30

What 3 features are only present in a plant cell

Answer 30

- Cell wall - Chloroplast - Vacuole

Question 31

Diffusion definition

Answer 31

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In living things, substances move in and out of the cell by DIFFUSION, through a membrane. (e.g. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell through the cell membrane and into the blood. This is possible as the cell membrane is PARTIALLY PERMEABLE)

Question 32

The diffusion of water is called...

Answer 32

The diffusion of water is called OSMOSIS

Question 33

Different types of models

Answer 33

- Representational model - Descriptive model - Mathematical model - Computational model - Spatial model

Question 34

Different parts of the microscope

Answer 34

- Eye piece - barrel - revolving nosepiece - lens - stage - mirror - tilt - specimen clip - coarse/ fine focusing mechanism - base

Question 35

Overall magnification =

Answer 35

Overall magnification = eyepiece magnification x objective lens magnification

Question 36

Tissues definition

Answer 36

A tissue is a group of similar cells with the same function

Question 37

Organs definition

Answer 37

An organ is made from a group of different tissues which all work together to do a particular job

Question 38

Organ systems definition

Answer 38

An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.

Question 39

Control variable definition

Answer 39

Control variable is a factor that is kept CONSTANT during an experiment

Question 40

What are the 3 States of matter?

Answer 40

- SOLID - LIQUID - GAS

Question 41

What are the 6 Changes of state

Answer 41

- Evaporation (from liquid to gas) - Condensation (from gas to liquid) - Melting (from solid to liquid) - Freezing (from liquid to solid) - Sublimation (solid to gas) - Deposition (from gas to solid)

Question 42

Interpreting chromatograms

Answer 42

- 1 spot= pure substance - 2 spots = mixture of 2 substances - 4 spots = mixture of 4 substances

Question 43

What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 43

- Temperature - Concentration - Surface area - Distance to travel