Cellular Neuroscience

Question 1

Axons and Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

Axons don’t have ER or ribosomes, so they must use axoplasmic transport.

Question 2

Synaptic Vesicle Size

Answer 2

15 nm

Question 3

Anterograde Axoplasmic Transport

Answer 3

Fast is vesicle bound (up to 1000 m/day) and slow is with insoluble compound.

Question 4

Retrograde Axoplasmic Transport

Answer 4

Dynein carries in retrograde direction. It is rather unselective and can pick up viruses and transport them into cell body or spinal cord.

Question 5

Synaptic Spines

Answer 5

Some dendrites have them. There is a high concentration of polyribosomes and ribosomes under base of them, to elongate the dendrite to make contact with axon.

Question 6

3 Neurite Classifications

Answer 6

Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

Question 7

2 Dendrite Shapes

Answer 7

Stellate (star shaped) and pyramidal (both cell body and dendrites are shaped like pyramids)

Question 8

Golgi Type I Neurons

Answer 8

Projection neurons with long axons

Question 9

Golgi Type II Neurons

Answer 9

Local neurons with short axons, usually involved in circuits.

Question 10

Astrocytes

Answer 10

Type of glial cell. Modulate concentration of extracellular potassium and mop up spilled neurotransmitter. Keep extracellular potassium concentration low during rest

Question 11

Myelin Making Glia

Answer 11

Oligodendrocytes in the brain and schwann cells, which are never found in the brain

Question 12

Microglia

Answer 12

Phagocytes that scavenge and consume dead neurons and pathogens

Question 13

Resting Potential

Answer 13

Inside of cell is negative compared to positive outside

Question 14

Na/K Pumps

Answer 14

Keeps inside of neuron relative high in [K] and low in [Na]. Powered by ATP.