Cellular Regulation Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is proliferation
cellular replication
what is differentiation
growth
what are some body parts that proliferate fast
skin
bone marrow
stomach
what are some body parts that proliferate slow
muscle
bone
cartilage
what is contact inhibition
prevent from overgrowth (cancer)
what is differentiation
cell acquires functions that are different from those of the original cell from which it was derived
different cells can have different physical characteristics despite having exact human genes
what is a benign neoplasm
retain shape and functional characteristics
excessive growth
not capable of metastasis
what are some examples of benign neoplasms
hypertrophic scar
endometriosis
abnormal moles
ovarian cysts
what is a malignant neoplasm
cells w/ abnormal growth patterns and multiple functions
ability to spread widely
complex tissues composed of many distinct cell types
errors in genetic code
hallmarks of cancer
sustaining proliferative growth signaling
evading growth suppressors: resisting cell death
avoiding immune destruction
enabling replicative immortality
inducing angiogenesis
activating invasion and metastases
deregulating cellular energetics
genome instability and mutation
tumor promoting inflammation
consequences of cancer
tumors act like a parasite
unsuccessful treatment can lead to fatigue, wt loss, pain, organ failure and eventual death
infectious agents that can cause cancer
hep b and c
h pylori
hpv
c in warning signs of cancer
change in bowel or bladder habits (colorectal cancer)
a in warning signs of cancer
a sore throat that does not heal
(oral cancer)
u in warning signs of cancer
unusual bleeding or discharge
bleeding from bladder, vagina, or rectum could mean prostate, cervical, or colorectal cancer
t in warning signs of cancer
thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
lump on breast or teste
i in warning signs of cancer
indigestion or dysphagia
(stomach, throat, esophagus, or mouth cancer)
o in warning signs of cacner
obvious change in wart or mole
(skin cancer)
n in signs of cancer
nagging cough or hoarseness
(lung and or throat cancer)
lab tests done for cancer
CBC w/ differential
metabolic pannel
PSA
BRCA
pathology tests for cancer
fine needle
scraping
surgical removal
looking at cells
definitive way to determine if it is malignant or benign, tissue type, degree, and cell markers
what is grading neoplasm
measures degree of differentiation of a neoplasm
what is staging cancer
determining size of tumor, location, and presence or absence of metastasis
TNM: tumor, node, metz
primary prevention for cancer
vaccination
behavioral modifications
environmental modifications
treatment of infection
prophylactic surgery
