Immunity

Question 1

what is immunity

Answer 1

a physiologic process that provides an individual w/ protection or defense from disease

Question 2

what is innate immunity

Answer 2

1st line of defense
present at birth
nonspecific response

Question 3

what is acquired immunity

Answer 3

specific response
active-results from formation of antibodies (b lymphocytes) and sensitized t lymphocytes
illness or vaccine
passive-results from introduction of preformed antibodies

Question 4

what is suppressed immune system

Answer 4

immunocompromised

Question 5

what is optimal immune response

Answer 5

normal and healthy

Question 6

what is exaggerated immune response

Answer 6

autoimmune disorders
unable tp differentiate btwn host and foreign invader

Question 7

examples of lymphoid organs

Answer 7

bone marrow
tonsils
adenoids
spleen
thymus

Question 8

where do lymphoid stem cells start

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

where do lymphoid stem cells go to

Answer 9

thymus or bone marrow

Question 10

what cells are produced by the thymus

Answer 10

immunocompetent t cells/ t lymphocytes

Question 11

what are helper t cells

Answer 11

cd4 cells
stimulates rest of immune system to help w/ attack

Question 12

what do regulatory t cells do

Answer 12

suppress immune response (protect against hyperactive immune response)
suppress fx of helper cytotoxic t cells and decrease b cell production

Question 13

what do cytotoxic t cells/ killer t cells do

Answer 13

kill antigen directly
innate immunity
good @ killing cancer cells
stimulate apoptosis
CD 8 cells

Question 14

what do memory t cells do

Answer 14

help w/ antigen recognition and help mount immune response

Question 15

what do plasma cells secrete

Answer 15

anitbodies

Question 16

what are b lymphocytes

Answer 16

produce antibodies
have memory
maturation in liver during mid fetal life, then in bone marrow

Question 17

what is humoral

Answer 17

memory

Question 18

what are major histocompatibility complex proteins

Answer 18

surface proteins
alert if it is a friendly cell or enemy

Question 19

what are phagocytes

Answer 19

ingest foreign antigens
macrophages (tissues) and neutrophils

Question 20

what does the compliment system do

Answer 20

enhance immune response

Question 21

what do dendritic cells do

Answer 21

antigen presenting cells
alert B and T lymphocytes to their presence

Question 22

what are the 3 lines of defense

Answer 22

physical and chemical barrier
phagocytic immune response
humoral and cellular immune response

Question 23

what is physical barrier

Answer 23

skin

Question 24

what is a phagocytic immune response

Answer 24

activities of phagocytes, natural killer t lymphocytes (stimulate apoptosis), granulocytes (neutrophils and monocytes are first to arrive), and macrophages

Question 25

what is a humoral and cellular immune response

Answer 25

antibodies derived from the b lymphocytes and the t lymphocytes

Question 26

what are igG

Answer 26

primary immunoglobulins in blood enter tissue spaces, cross placenta, coats antigen, binds to macrophages and neutrophils (enhancing phagocytosis) plays major role in bloodborne and tissue infections activates compliment system

Question 27

what are IgE

Answer 27

found in serum responsible for allergic and hypersensitive reactions increases in the presence of parasitic infections

Question 28

what are IgA

Answer 28

appear in high concentrations in tears, saliva, breast milk, and secretions of gi and respiratory tracts protects against respiratory, GI, GU infections passes to neonate for protection entrances to body

Question 29

what are IgM

Answer 29

remains in the blood and kills bacteria and viruses first antibody produced w/ an initial immune response actives compliment system largest acute infections

Question 30

what is primary immunodeficiency

Answer 30

entire immune system is inadequate missing some components necessary for complete immune response common variable immunodeficiency is the most prevalent PI disease

Question 31

what is secondary immunodeficiency

Answer 31

intentional (antirejection drugs) adverse effect of treatment (leukemia) steroids, immunomodulators, chemo

Question 32

symptoms of suppressed immune functioning

Answer 32

frequent infections poor wound healing fatigue malaise wt loss

Question 33

clinical findings of suppressed immune functioning

Answer 33

may appear poorly nourished or have wasting syndrome chronic wounds enlarged lymph nodes opportunistic infection

Question 34

common diagnostic tests

Answer 34

cbc and wbc w/ differential western blot TORCH antibody testing

Question 35

what is a type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 35

allergic, anaphylaxis igE mediated

Question 36

what is a type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 36

tissue specific or cytotoxic hypersensitivity graves disease, transplant tissue, blood transfusion IgG/IgM mediated

Question 37

what is a type 3 hypersensitivity

Answer 37

immune complex lupus and RA IgG/IgM mediated

Question 38

what is a type 4 hypersensitivity

Answer 38

cell mediated or delayed hypersensitivity poison ivy/ metals t cell, localized reaction IBD

Question 39

acute hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 39

localized: bee sting systemic: anaphylaxis

Question 40

chronic body wide system disease

Answer 40

destruction of body tissues: RA abnormal organ growth: IBD change in organ fx: cvd, renal disease

Question 41

primary tests for exaggerated immune response

Answer 41

antinuclear antibody crp esr

Question 42

drugs to reduce response for exaggerated immune response

Answer 42

antihistamine sympathomimetic (epinephrine) mast cell stabilizer immunosuppressive therapy (steroids) anti-inflammatory agents

Question 43

symptomatic relief drugs for exaggerated immune response

Answer 43

antipuritics (itching) decongestant analgesics