Cellular Respiration Flashcards
(29 cards)
Low energy molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups.
ADP
Anabolism
Energy consuming metabolic process often in the form of a biosynthetic pathway.
High energy molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups.
ATP
ATP synthase
Enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of ATP.
Catabolism
General name for a metabolic process involving the breakdown of complex to simpler molecules and normally releasing energy.
Cellular respiration
Series of metabolic pathways which release energy from food allowing ATP to be re-generated.
Dehydrogenase
Enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons from the respiratory substrate.
Role played by ATP between energy releasing and energy consuming reactions.
Energy transfer
Respiratory substrate that provides energy for the regeneration of ATP.
Glucose
Enzyme controlled process by which a phosphate group is added to molecule often making it more reactive.
Phosphorylation
Pi
Inorganic phosphate group needed to make ATP from ADP.
Compound is formed from pyruvate and coenzyme A in the presence of oxygen.
Acetyl coenzyme A
Gaseous product of aerobic respiration (and fermentation in plant cells).
Carbon dioxide
Metabolite formed from oxaloacetate and an acetyl group.
Citrate
Citric acid cycle
Circular metabolic pathway of stages controlled by enzymes that remove hydrogen ions from the respiratory substrate.
Electron transport chain
Group of protein molecules in a mitochondrial membrane which make energy available to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.
First phase of glycolysis which requires ATP.
Energy investment
Second phase of glycolysis which generates ATP.
Energy payoff
Product of fermentation in plant cells.
Ethanol
Fermentation
Form of cellular respiration involving partial breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen.
Complex carbohydrates which can be broken down to glucose for use as the respiratory substrate.
Glycogen and starch
Glycolysis
Metabolic pathway which breaks down glucose into pyruvate.
Location of electron transport chains in cells.
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Lactate
Product of fermentation in animal cells.
