Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DP Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which processes of cellular respiration produce CO2?

A

The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What all is produced in glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate
4 ATP but a net gain of 2
2 NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an example of a catabolic pathway?

Why?

A

Cellular respiration

It breaks down a glucose molecule into ATP, water, and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an example of a anabolic pathway?

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does oxidation gain and lose?

A

Lose: electrons
Hydrogen

Gain: Oxygen

Results in many C-O bonds and a compound with lower potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does a molecule undergoing reduction lose or gain?

A

Lose: Oxygen

Gain: electrons
Hydrogen

Results in many C-H bonds
Results in a compound with higher potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =

6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Does reduction and oxidation always occur together?

A

Yes.

One compounds loss is another compounds gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define redox, and how it plays a key role in the flow of energy through living systems.

A

Redox is the exchange of electrons from molecule to molecule

The reduced firm of a molecule has a high potential energy since electrons that are flowing from one molecule to the next are carrying energy with them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three steps in cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are three aspects of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If no oxygen is available in glycolysis, what happens to the pyruvate?

A

It enters into anaerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactate (lactic acid) or ethanol
And carbon dioxide

(No further production of ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If oxygen is present, what kind of respiration does the cell enter?

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of glycolysis?

A

Sugar splitting (split a hexose in half)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Does glycolysis occur in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Yas betch Yas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Does the sugar splitting occur in aerobic and anaerobic environments?

A

Yas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does glycolysis use oxygen? And does is require any organelles?

A

No to both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens in the first stage of glycolysis

A

Two ATP molecules phosphorylate the glucose to turn it into fructose -1, 6-biphosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens after the glucose is phosphorylated into fructose?
What is this process called?

A

The molecule splits into two 3- carbon sugars.

A.K.A lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens in the third step of glycolysis?

A

The G3P undergoes oxidation to form a reduced molecule of NAD+ (WHICH IS NADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

While NADH is being reduced in glycolysis, what else is happening simultaneously?

A

Released energy is used to add an inorganic phosphate to the remaining 3- carbon compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the last step of glycolysis, what happens after a phosphate is added to the other end of the 3 carbon compound?

A

This results in a compound with two phosphate groups.

Enzymes then remove the phosphate groups so they can be added to ADP to produce ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
After the phosphate have been removed from the 3 carbon molecules in glycolysis, what remains?
2 pyruvate
26
Summarize glycolysis. 3 steps. The last is the most important with the most going on. If you can't do this, go back
Phosphorylation Lysis Oxidation
27
Is glycolysis magic?
No. It happens by a series of enzymes every step of the way
28
Where does aerobic respiration mostly occur?
In the mitochondria
29
What is the link reaction
Making acetyl CoA
30
How does the pyruvate enter the matrix of the mitochondria?
Active transport (pushed inside using energy? ~ ask Wilson)
31
What happens to the pyruvate as soon as it enters the matrix of the mitochondria?
It is decarboxylated to form a 2 carbon acetyl group
32
What happens to the removed carbon after the pyruvate had been decarboxylated?
It is released as CO2
33
After the pyruvate is decarboxylated, what happens?
The acetyl group is then oxidized with the formation of reduced NAD+
34
Once the acetyl group is oxidized, what happens?
Acetyl group combines with coenzyme A
35
Is the link reaction magic?
No. It's controlled by a system of enzymes
36
What is the purpose of the link reaction?
To make Acetyl CoA
37
What happens to an Acetyl- CoA if ATP levels are high?
It can be synthesized into a lipid for storage purposes
38
Is acetyl CoA only formed from hexose?
No, it can be produced from most carbohydrates and fats
39
What happens to the acetyl CoA if the ATP levels are low?
It enters the Krebs cycle
40
What is the Krebs cycle also called?
The tricarboxylic acid cycle
41
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
42
Why is the Krebs cycle referred to as the Krebs cycle?
Because it starts and ends with the same substance
43
What is a characteristic of all cyclic pathways in metabolism?
Start and end with the same substance
44
What is a coenzyme?
A molecule that aids an enzyme in its action | ~usually act as electron donors or acceptors
45
What is the first step of the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA combines with a four carbon compound called oxaloacetate to make a six carbon compound called citrate
46
What happens after citrate is made in the Krebs cycle?
It is oxidized to form a five carbon compound. Also, CO2 is released (happens first) And NAD+ is reduced to NADH
47
What happens after the 6 carbon molecule is oxidized in the Krebs cycle?
The 5 carbon compound is oxidized and decarboxylated to form a 4- carbon compound. NADH and H+
48
What happens to the carbon group that leaves the 5 carbon molecule to make the 4 carbon molecule?
It combines with oxygen and is released as CO2
49
What happens to the remaining four carbon compound in the Krebs cycle to remodel it back to oxaloacetate?
ADP + P FAD = FADH2 H2O is added to rearrange bonds in the substrate NAD+ = NADH + H+
50
How many times does the Krebs cycle run per glucose molecule?
Twice because of two pyruvates
51
What are the total end products for the Krebs cycle ( total for both pyruvate molecules)
Two ATP Six NADH and H+ Two FADH2 4 carbon dioxide
52
How many carbon are released during the linking reaction. Combines with the Krebs cycle, how many total carbons have been released?
Linking - 2 With Krebs - 6 carbons (a whole glucose molecule)
53
With glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, how much ATP has been made total?
4 (net) | 6 are actually produced but 2 are used or glycolysis
54
Now have the ATPs been produced in glycolysis and Krebs cycle?
By substrate-level phosphorylation
55
Where are the most ATP produced?
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
56
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane and on the membranes of the cristae
57
What happens in the electron transport chain?
Electrons pass from one carrier to another because the receiving molecule has a higher electronegativity and, therefore a stronger attraction for electrons
58
What kind of molecules are NADH and FADH2?
Coenzymes
59
What do NADH and FADH2 do in the electron transport chain
They donate their electrons to other electron carriers with different electronegativity
60
How is FADH2 different than NADH in the electron transport chain?
FADH2 enters the chain at a lower free energy level than NADH FADH2. = 2 ATPs NADH = 3 ATPs
61
What happens when the electrons reach the end of the chain?
O2, since it has a high electronegativity, takes the electrons and forms water with surrounding hydrogen ions
62
Since there's a lot of electron carriers, how much energy is extracted from the electrons as they move down the chain?
Little energy
63
What is chemiosmosis?
It involves the movement of protons to provide energy so that phosphorylation can occur
64
How much energy does the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make?
32
65
What is the purpose of the matrix of a mitochondria?
It is an internal cytosol- like area that contains the enzymes for the link reaction and the Krebs cycle.
66
What is the purpose of the cristae in the mitochondria?
Tubular regions surrounded by membranes increasing surface area for oxidative phosphorylation
67
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Contains the carriers for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase for chemiosmosis
68
Space between inner and outer membranes?
Reservoir for hydrogen ions (protons), the high concentration of hydrogen ions is necessary for chemiosmosis
69
Outline the process of glycolysis
Preparatory phase Payoff phase Or phosphorylation Glysis (lysis) Oxidation

DP Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions