Cellular Respiration (Ch. 7) Flashcards
(22 cards)
Acetyl CoA
Combination of acetyl group and coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid).
Aerobic respiration
Process using oxygen to convert energy.
Anabolic
Pathway requiring energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones.
Anaerobic
Process not using oxygen.
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Energy conversion process without oxygen.
ATP
Cell’s energy currency (adenosine triphosphate).
ATP synthase
Membrane protein complex adding phosphate to ADP for ATP production.
Chemiosmosis
ATP production from proton gradient across a membrane.
Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions extracting energy from carbohydrates.
Dephosphorylation
Removal of a phosphate group from a molecule.
Electron transport chain
Series of protein complexes harvesting energy for proton gradient.
Fermentation
Regeneration of NAD+ using inorganic/organic compounds without oxygen.
GLUT protein
Protein transporting glucose across membranes.
Glycolysis
Process breaking glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
Krebs cycle
See Citric acid cycle.
Metabolism
All cellular chemical reactions, including energy use and release.
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP production using chemiosmosis with oxygen.
Phosphorylation
Addition of a high-energy phosphate group to a molecule.
Pyruvate
Three-carbon sugar, end product of glycolysis, entering the citric acid cycle aerobically.
Redox reaction
Coupled oxidation and reduction reactions.
Substrate-level phosphorylation
ATP production from ADP using reaction energy and a phosphate group.
TCA cycle
See Citric acid cycle.
