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History - Nazi Germany > Censorship, repression and propaganda > Flashcards

Censorship, repression and propaganda Flashcards

1
Q

What did Goebbels inform to controllers of German radio?

A

That radio stations served the government and therefore had to follow Nazi guidelines and express Nazi ideology.

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2
Q

What was the company for radios called?

A

The Reich Radio Company - controlled the content of radio

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3
Q

What was the result of the introduction of the People’s Receiver (a cheap radio set)?

A

By 1939, 70% of homes had a radio, in contrast to just 25% in 1932.

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4
Q

What did the radio become in Nazi Germany?

A

A medium of mass communication controlled by the regime.

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5
Q

What were installed in public places?

A

Loud speakers - venues for collective listening

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6
Q

What myth glorified Hitler as the saviour of the German nation?

A

The Führer / Hitler Myth

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7
Q

When did all film companies become state own?

A

1942

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8
Q

What are 2 examples of the news being censored during the war?

A
  • News of the German defeat at Stalingrad was suppressed as 1,500 papers were shut down.
  • Papers never mentioned the Final Solution.
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9
Q

When was listening to foreign radio stations criminalised?

A

September 1939

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10
Q

What were Goebbels’ censorship policies unable to stop?

A

Rumours of defeat

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11
Q

What were the aims of propaganda and censorship?

A
  • To glorify the regime
  • Spread Nazi ideology and values
  • Win over the people and unite the nation under Volksgemeinschaft
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12
Q

What decree allowed the Nazis to ban publications?

A

The Decree for the Protection of the People and the State (1933)

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13
Q

What did the Editor’s Law (1933) do?

A

It made it a crime for the Editor of a newspaper to publish anything which might weaken the Third Reich.

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14
Q

What was the Reich Association established to do?

A

To compile a list of “accredited” journalists.

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15
Q

How many Nazi newspapers and readers were there in 1932 in comparison with 1933?

A

1932 = 59 Nazi newspapers and 780,000 readers
1933 = 86 Nazi newspapers and over 3 million readers.

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16
Q

What was the Nazi Publishing House called?

A

Eher Verlag

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17
Q

What proportion of the German press did Eher Verlag control by 1939?

A

2/3

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18
Q

Who were the SS?

A

The political police.

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19
Q

Who controlled the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

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20
Q

How many members of the SS were there in 1933 in comparison with 1939?

A

1933 = 52,000
1939 = 250,000

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21
Q

What purge did the SS carry out?

A

The purge of the SA during the Night of the Long Knives (1934)

22
Q

What did the SS run?

A

The concentration camp system

23
Q

What were the 3 main functions of the SS?

A
  • Intelligence gathering
  • Policing (carried out by Gestapo)
  • Military action
24
Q

What were the SS responsible for creating in newly occupied territories?

A

“New Order” - resettling ethnic Germans in these areas and eliminating non-Aryans.

25
Q

When were the People’s Courts established?

A

1934

26
Q

Who did the People’s Courts try?

A

Anyone accused of being traitors to the Third Reich.

27
Q

How were the trials in the People’s Courts different to that of a normal court?

A

The trials were not public and appeals against verdicts were banned.

28
Q

What did judges have to study?

A

Nazi beliefs

29
Q

Who were the Gestapo?

A

The secret state police

30
Q

Who set up the Gestapo?

A

Hermann Goering

31
Q

What was the role of the Gestapo?

A

To find opponents of the Nazis and arrest them - using surveillance and repression.

32
Q

Who did the Gestapo rely on for information?

A

Informers and Blockwarts (those who ran individual apartment blocks).

33
Q

How many agents did the Gestapo have?

A

20 to 40,000 - relatively small organisation.

34
Q

What was the reputation of the Gestapo?

A

They had a reputation for brutality - they could arrest and detain without trial.

35
Q

What were concentration camps?

A

Prisons were opponents of the regime were questioned and subjected to torture, hard labour and re-education in Nazi ideals. Prisoners could be held indefinitely without trial.

36
Q

How many camps were established between 1933-35?

A

20,000

37
Q

How many Jewish people were sent to camps for political crimes during the Nazi regime?

A

500,000

38
Q

How many people were help in camps in 1939, 1942 and 1945?

A

1939 = 25,000
1942 = 88,000
1945 = 714,000

39
Q

How many supporters of left wing parties were detained during the first 2 years of the Nazi regime?

A

Between 150-200,000

40
Q

What is an example of the extensive use of terror during the early years of the Nazi regime?

A

The Knight of the Long Knives (1934)

41
Q

When and where was the first concentration camp for political prisoners set up?

A

1933 in Dachau

42
Q

What did Germans see Hitler as reversing?

A

The losses of the Treaty of Versailles.

43
Q

What are examples of militarisation which took place in 1935?

A
  • The existence of the Luftwaffe was announced and a peacetime army of 550,000 was introduced
  • Germany signed a naval agreement with Britain allowing Germany to have a navy 35% the strength of the British fleet.
44
Q

What are examples of militarisation in 1936 and again in 1938?

A

March 1936: Hitler remilitarised the Rhineland (which overturned the ToV and Locarno Pact)
1938: Anschluss with Austria, which was incorporated into German territory.

45
Q

Why did wealthy industrialists support the Nazis?

A

They benefitted from the banning of the KPD and trade unions (except DAF), as well as through the expansion of the war economy (arms production and chemical industries).

46
Q

How did the value of the German stock exchange change between 1932 and 1940?

A

It increased by 250%

47
Q

What were the lower-middle class called?

A

The mittelstand

48
Q

How did the government please the mittelstand?

A
  • They used the money available from the confiscation of Jewish businesses to offer low-interest rate loans. This made them more susceptible to anti-Semitic messages.
  • The Law for the Protection of Retail Trade (1933) banned the opening of new department stores and taxed existing ones, which increased the market for smaller businesses.
49
Q

Who did the Nazi regime idealise?

A

Peasants and farmers as the embodiment of traditional German values and racial purity.

50
Q

How did the Nazis assist the agricultural sector?

A

Increased tariffs on foreign imports which increased the demand for German food products.

51
Q

What did the Reich Food Estate (1933) do?

A

Regulated food production and distribution as well as food prices and wages.

History - Nazi Germany (13 decks)

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