Census Data & Data Sources Flashcards
(15 cards)
de jure vs de facto methods in population records
de facto is the effective amount of people residing in a region (i.e. where they were last night)
de jure is where they usually reside (i.e. their home turf, not where they are rn)
what is over- and under-coverage in census data?
overcoverage is double counting an individual; overstating the population
undercoverage is failing to account for everyone; understating the population
describe the two types of errors in census data
coverage and content
… content errors stem from misrepresentation of info by repsondents
pros and cons of census data
simple, large sample size, nationally representative, denominator for rates
expensive / resource intensive, potential errors in coverage and content, limited info, infrequent
what are population registers and vital statistics
both reported to official govt. office
vital: event-based recording of population data (e.g. from births, deaths, marriage, divorce), required by law
population registers: continual updating of births, deaths, marital status, education enrolment (used in Europe)
pros and cons of vital stats and pop. registers
high coverage, large sample, denom. for rates, more frequently updated
inconsistent across countries, under-registration in countries with incomplete infrastructure
what are Sample Surveys
groups of people within a population that complete more detailed surveys (either online or thru interviews)
chosen to be representative of broader population
pros and cons of sample surveys
can probe more deeply, useful for complex analysis
smaller sample, data accuracy concerns, higher non-response rates, and interviewer effects
what are historical documents?
these are old records that contained population info before census and other digital records were present
e.g. men boarding a ship in the 1800s
pros and cons of historical documents
valuable info on demographic trends when other data weren’t available
can be incomplete & biased, inconsistent, and may be misrepresentative
gender vs. sex
gender is someone’s identity as either a man or woman
sex is assigned based on physical characteristics
cisgender vs transgender
cisgender is when a person’s sex aligns with their gender (male, male)
transgender is when a person’s sex doesn’t align with their gender (male identifying as a female)
non-binary
when a person’s gender isn’t exclusively male or female, e.g. queer
is it true that researchers unknowingly infuse their personal biases into population statistics?
Yes - researchers are influenced by their social, economic, and political perspectives which gets infused in data
this happens even when we think we’re just counting people
