Central Control of Autonomics

Question 1

what’s the king of everythign?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

Hierarchy of control over ANS

Answer 2

Limbic system modulates

Hypothalamus [king]
– Directly or indirectly (through brainstem) innervates preganglionic neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord

Question 3

what kind of representation goes to the thalamus and thence to the cortex?

Answer 3

conscious

Question 4

king nucleus in the hypothalamus that controls the autonomics

Answer 4

paraventricular nucleus

Question 5

Focus on hypothalamic inputs to:

Answer 5

Five components are particularly important in brainstem:

Parabrachial nuclei
Well Being

Ventrolateral Medulla (RF)
CPGs for respiration, cardiovascular

Periaqueductal Gray
Info related to pain, regulates physiology and behaviors to threats

Nucleus Solitarius
GVA center, regulates baroreceptor reflex

Pontine Micturition Center
Inhibits pre-ganglionic sympathetics and activates pre-ganglionic parasympathetics involved in urination

Question 6

There are 3-4 major cell groups in the pons and medulla controlling respiration

Answer 6

Pontine respiratory group

dorsal respiratory group

botzinger-prebotzinger complex

ventral respiratory group

Question 7

GVA input also communicated through to the NTS:

Answer 7

Nucleus of the solitary tract is the major coordinator of sensory info of the N. Instead of thalamic synapse, stop over in NST. Also sensory input from CN 9 and 10. Two different functions: 1, in rostral, important for reflexes. 2, in caudal, taste.
NTS has many roles: GVA of autonomics is the usual (gustatory info, etc.)
Also baroreceptor pathway: baroreceptors and chemosensory receptors in the carotid body go back through CN IX into NTS (baro). Carotid bodies– detect CO2 levels via acidity–> carried by IX back to solidtary tract.
Low presure and high H–> increase of HR and respiratory rate via sympathetics (inhibits dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus as well).
Sleep apnea–> bild up of CO2 b/c not breathing –> back to nucleus of solitary tract –> sympathetic overdrive

Question 8

Pontine Micturition Center Regulates

Answer 8

Bladder Emptying

Question 9

Parasympathetic pathways and landmarks in the brain: 5 Nuclei of Focus

Answer 9

Edinger Westphal

Salivatory nuclei (facias VII and glossopharyngial IX)

Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus

Nucleus ambiguus

Question 10

Synthesis: Lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 10

Thrombosis of vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Damage to vestibular nuclei = vertigo
Also inaccurate reaching
Eyeballs 10 deg off to one side
Head tilt to same side
Fall towards same side

Spinocerebellar fibers disrupted = ipsilateral ataxia
Sensory trigeminal damage = ipsilateral loss of nociceptivity and thermosensitivity
Sympathetic pathway = horner’s syndrome
Nucleus ambiguus = hoarseness and difficulty swallowing
Spinothalamic tract damage = contralateral loss of pain and temp in trunk and limbs