central nervous system

Question 1

grey matter of the CNS contains: (2)

Answer 1

• neuron cell bodies
• dendrites

Question 2

white matter contains: (1)

Answer 2

• axon tracts

Question 3

white matter is located

Answer 3

deeper within the brain, underlying the cortex

Question 4

what are the three layers of the spinal cord and brain (innermost to outermost)

Answer 4

Pia mater -> arachnoid mater -> dura mater -> spinal cord or skull

(PADS)

Question 5

what is the outer cavity of the brain called?

Answer 5

superior sagittal sinus (SSS)

Question 6

What is the inner cavity of the brain called?

Answer 6

Subarachnoid space (SAS)

Question 7

what is the purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid in the cavities of the brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

protection

Question 8

Where does the spinal cord span from?

Answer 8

brain stem -> pelvic region

Question 9

lower motor damage reflex will be _____ with damage

Answer 9

diminished

Question 10

upper motor neuron damage will be _____ with damage

Answer 10

exaggerated

Question 11

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 11

• perception of somatesthetic sensation (cutaneous, muscle, tendon and joint receptors)

Question 12

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 12

interpretation and association of auditory and visual information

Question 13

what is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 13

vision and co-ordination of eye movements

Question 14

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 14

motor control

Question 15

Where is the insula?

Answer 15

between the frontal and temporal lobes

Question 16

what is the function of the insula?

Answer 16

• encoding memory
• integration of sensory information
• receives olfactory, gustatory, auditory and somatosensory (pain) information

Question 17

How do the two hemispheres of the brain communicate with eachother?

Answer 17

via the corpus callosum

Question 18

what happens if there is damage to the right side of the brain?

Answer 18

difficulty with spatial concepts, ie: maps

Question 19

What happens if there is damage to the left side of the brain?

Answer 19

speech problems

Question 20

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 20

sheet of grey matter tissue that covers the cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 21

what is the cerebral cortex important for?

Answer 21

emotion and memory

Question 22

what is the function of the thalamus?

Answer 22

• relay centre for sensory info (excluding smell)
• promotes alertness
• causes arousal from sleep in response to strong sensory stimulas

Question 23

what is the function of the epithalamus?

Answer 23

pineal gland secretes melatonin (regulate circadian rhythms)

Question 24

what is the function of the hypothalamus

Answer 24

• hunger, thirst, regulation of body temp.
• hormone secretion from the pituitary gland
• regulation of sleep and wake

Question 25

what are the two systems of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain?

Answer 25

- nigrostriatal - mesolimbic

Question 26

what is the function of the nigrostriatal dopamine system?

Answer 26

motor control

Question 27

what is the function of the mesolimbic dopamine system

Answer 27

emotional reward

Question 28

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 28

- monitoring and refining of motor activity initiated elsewhere - coordination of movement

Question 29

what is the function of the medulla?

Answer 29

- ascending and descending fiber tracts providing communication between spinal cord and brain passes through the medulla - required for regulation of breathing, CV responses

Question 30

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 30

31

Question 31

what creates the cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 31

choroid plexus

Question 32

what are the four lobes of the brain

Answer 32

1. parietal 2. temporal 3. occipital 4. frontal

Question 33

what does the amygdala do?

Answer 33

strengthening of emotional memories

Question 34

which two parts of the brain are receptors for stress hormones?

Answer 34

- hippocampus - amygdala