Central Nervous System

Question 1

outer layer
- 2 examples

Answer 1

Cortex
ex: cerebral cortex
cerebellar cortex

Question 2

folds of the brain in the cortex

Answer 2

gyrus (plural gyri)
ex: precentral gyrus

Question 3

spaces between gyri and folia

Answer 3

Sulcus (sulci)
ex: central sulcus

Question 4

brain region seperated by fissures or sulci

Answer 4

lobe
ex: temporal lobe, occipital lobe

Question 5

CNS region with mylenated axons

Answer 5

white matter
W = M (White = Myelin)
ex: corpus callosum and corona radiata

Question 6

CNS with neuronal cell bodies

Answer 6

gray matter
ex: outer layers of cerebral cortex

Question 7

bundle of axons within the cns

Answer 7

Fiber Tract
ex: corpus callosum and fornix

Question 8

bundle of axons outside the CNS

Answer 8

Nerve
ex: vagus nerve

Question 9

network of nerves outside the cns

Answer 9

plexus
ex: brachial plexus

Question 10

neuronal cell body clusters within CNS

Answer 10

nucleus
ex: caudate nucleus and putamen

Question 11

neuronal cell body clusters outside CNS

Answer 11

Ganglion
ex: dorsal root ganglion

Question 12

site of primary motor cortex, planning and execution of movement

Answer 12

precentral gyrus
(think: motor, movement, plan is to be ahead of the line)

Question 13

site of primary somatosensory cortex, touch

Answer 13

postcentral gyrus
(think: touch is behind the line, and somatosensory)

Question 14

sulcus seperating the occipital lobes from the parietal lobes

Answer 14

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 15

Plan
initiate
enact movement
- eyemovement
- speech
- reasoning
- consequences

Answer 15

frontal lobe

Question 16

sensory stimuli processing
- comprehension of speech
- spatial awarness

Answer 16

parietal lobe
(think: someone doesn’t know what to say and they’re clumsy they touch the side of their head)

Question 17

encoding long term memory
language recognition
and cognition
facial recognition

Answer 17

temporal lobe
Think:
you remember (MEMORY) meeting a new person (FACIAL RECOGNITION) and they spoke Spanish (language)

Question 18

primary visual cortex

Answer 18

occipital lobe

Question 19

commissural fibers between cerebral hemispheres

Answer 19

corpus callosum
(fiber tract)

Question 20

commissural fibers between temporal lobes

Answer 20

anterior commissure
(fiber tract)

Question 21

commissural efferent fibers from the hippocamus

Answer 21

fornix
(fiber tract)

Question 22

projection fibers including corticospinal fibers from cortex to motor neurons

Answer 22

internal capsule
(fiber tract)

Question 23

association fibers within the cerebral cortex

Answer 23

external capsule
(fiber tract)

Question 24

capillaries and modified ependymal cells within ventricles that produce CSF

Answer 24

choroid plexus

Question 25

interconnected subcortical nuclei - action selection - decision making main parts only

Answer 25

basal ganglia

Question 26

reward motivation inhibitory control impulsivity

Answer 26

striatum (part of basal ganglia)

Question 27

integration of spatial awareness and motor behavior spatial working memory

Answer 27

caudate nucleus (part of striatum, which is part of basal ganglia)

Question 28

planning learning executing motor skills setting mvmt amplitudes and planning sequences

Answer 28

putamen (looks like pizza crust) (part of basal ganglia)

Question 29

motor control motor planning reward-seeking addition anatomically part of mid brain

Answer 29

substantia nigra (cheez of pizza) (part of basal ganglia) `

Question 30

action selection impulsivity anatomically part of diencephalon

Answer 30

subthalamic nuclei

Question 31

structures of basal ganglia

Answer 31

striatium caudate nucleus lentiform nucleus putamen globus pallidus substantia nigra subthalamic nuclei

Question 32

subconscious movement balancing excitatory output from cerebellum to smooth movement

Answer 32

globus pallidus

Question 33

Limbic system structures

Answer 33

hippocampus amygdala cingulate gyrus mamillary bodies hypothalamic nuclei

Question 34

deals with emotion motivation behavior memory olfaction exact composition is controversial

Answer 34

limbic system

Question 35

consolidating short term memory to long term memory

Answer 35

hippocampus (think: remember a short hippo for a long time)

Question 36

emotional responses memory processing decision making

Answer 36

amygdala (think: amy being emotional, making desiions and memories)

Question 37

emotion processing linking outcomes to behavior

Answer 37

cingulate gyrus (think 1 SINGLE CINna processing everything and understanding the outcomes of his behavior)

Question 38

regulation of endocrine system - metabolism - reproduction - stress

Answer 38

hypothalamic nuclei (think: sex, metabolism, stress and endocrine-- are all HYPed) (limbic system) (part of hypothalamus)

Question 39

visual afferents from retina

Answer 39

optic nerves

Question 40

sorting of left/right visual info

Answer 40

optic chiasm

Question 41

projecting visual info to visual centers

Answer 41

optic tract

Question 42

hormonal control of growth - BP - Energy - reproductive function - stress - salt balance

Answer 42

pituitary gland (hypothalamus)

Question 43

circadian rhythm melatonin production

Answer 43

pineal gland (think: pine trees put me to sleep) (part of epithalamus)

Question 44

mediates bilateral pupillary

Answer 44

posterior commissure (part of epithalamus)

Question 45

parts of brain stem (3)

Answer 45

midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Question 46

everything ventral to cerebral aqueduct

Answer 46

cerebral peduncles (midbrain)

Question 47

descending motor fibers

Answer 47

crus cerebri (midbrain)

Question 48

everything dorsal to cerebral aqueduct

Answer 48

tectum (midbrain)

Question 49

spatially directed movements ex: eye and head movements

Answer 49

superior colliculus (midbrain)

Question 50

sound processing startle response spatial localization of sound

Answer 50

inferior colliculus (midbrain)

Question 51

respiration sleep hearing equilibrium taste chewing swallowing involuntary mvmt facial expressions

Answer 51

pons

Question 52

fibers connecting cerebellum to pons

Answer 52

middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 53

autonomic regulation of breathing heart rate bp

Answer 53

medulla oblongata

Question 54

decussation (crossing over) pyramidal neurns from motor cortex

Answer 54

pyramids (medulla oblongata)

Question 55

sound localization assist cerebellum with motor learning

Answer 55

olive (medulla oblongata)