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Erwin Personal Flash Cards > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

Enlargement of the entire ventricular system

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

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2
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Dilation of the ventricular system with a compensatory increas in CSF volume

A

Hydrocephalus Ex Vacuo

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3
Q

Dictates that any increase in volume of cranial constituents must be compensated by a decrease in volume of another

A

Monroe-Kellie Doctrine

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4
Q

Unilateral expansion of a cerebral hemisphere displaces the cingulate gyrus under the falx ceribiri leading to compression of the branches of the anterior cerebral artery

A

Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation

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5
Q

Medial temporal lobe compressed against free margin of tentorium leading to CNIII and posterior cerebral artery compression

A

Transtentorial herniation

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic lesions in midbrain and pons occurring during transtentorial herniation

A

Duret hemorrhages

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7
Q

Life-threatening herniation that causes brainstem compression which compromises vital respiratory and cardiac centers in the medulla oblongata

A

Tonsillar herniation

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8
Q

Neural tube defect with diverticulum of malformed tissue extending through a defect in the cranium

A

Encephalocele

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9
Q

Failure of closure of posterior neuropore causing asymptomatic bony defect or sever cord malformation with meningocele

A

Spina bifida (aka spinal dysraphism)

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10
Q

Extension of CNS tissue through a defect in the vertebral column

A

Myelomeningocele

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11
Q

Absence of the brain and calvarium. There is a flattt ned remnant of disorganized brain tissue (area cerbrovasculosa)

A

Anencephaly

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12
Q

Non-progressive neurologic deficit attributable to hypoxic insults during the prenatal and perinatal periods

A

Cerebral palsy

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13
Q

Cord malformation associated with Chiari I malformation

A

Syingobulbia

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14
Q

Formation of fluid-filled cleft-like cavity in the inner portion of the cord

A

Syringomyelia

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15
Q

Fluid-filled cavity that extends from cord to brainstem

A

Syringobulbia

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16
Q

Thinning out of gyri due to cortical ischemia

A

Ulegyria

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17
Q

Marbolization of deep nuclei due to ischemia & gliosis

A

Status marmoratus

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18
Q

Supratentorial periventricular white matter infarct with chalky yellow plaques

A

Perivetricular leukomalacia

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19
Q

Cystic infarcted lesions in the brain. Multiple cavities traversed by a web of delicate glial strands.

A

Multicystic encephalopathy

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20
Q

Acceleration-deceleration injury at the site of impact

A

Coup injury

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21
Q

Acceleration-deceleration injury opposite the site of impact

A

Countercoup injury

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22
Q

Parenchymal brain injury with pericapillary edema and extravasation

A

Contusions

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23
Q

Parenchymal brain injury, depressed retracted yellow brown patches involving the crests of gyri (placque jaune)

A

Old traumatic lesions

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24
Q

Wide asymmetric axonal swelling with gliosis and degeneration

A

Diffuse axonal injury

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25
Arterial bleed which creates a blood-filled space between the bone and dura. Lenticular on CT-scan. Manifests wi lucid interval and rapid deterioration
Epidural hematoma
26
Fracture of the pterion will lead to severance of this artery
Middel meningeal artery
27
Venous bleeding between the dura and arachnoid membranes. Crescent-shaped on CT-scan. Delayed presentation with fluctuating levels of consciousness.
Subdural hematoma
28
Outcome of severe hypotensive episode. Poor demarcation between gray and white matter. Microvacuolization and eosinophilia with reactive gliosis
Global cerebral ischemia
29
Focal cerebral ischemia with r d neurons, reactive gliosis, and liquefactive necrosis
White infarct
30
Parallel white infarcts but with extravasation and resorption of blood found in focal cerebral ischemia
Red infarcts
31
Development if small cavitary infarcts which resemble lace-like spaces in hypertensive cerebrovascular disease
Lacunar infarct
32
Common site of lacunar infarct in hypertensive cerebrovascular diseases
Lenticular nucleus (putamen and globus pallidus)
33
Rupture of small-caliber penetrating vessels that leaves behind slitlike cavity
Slit hemorrhages
34
Necrosis in a band-like pattern, with a relative preservation of cells immediately adjacent to the meninges
Pseudolaminar necrosis
35
Characterizes hypertensive encephalopathy
``` Diffuse cerebral dysfunction Headache Confusion Vomiting Convulsions ```
36
Hypertensive CVD complication with preferential involvement of large areas of the subcortical whit matter with myelin and axon loss
Binswanger syndrome
37
Hypertensive CVD complication that causes dementia, gait abnormalities and pseudobulbar signs, often with superimposed neurologic deficits
Vascular dementia
38
The most common cause of spontaneous non-traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages
Hypertension
39
Minute aneurysms of the basal ganglia that develop in hypertension
Charcot-Bouchard microaneurysms
40
2nd most common cause of spontaneous non traumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhages
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
41
Most frequent cause of clinically significant subarachnoid henorrhage
Intracranial aneurysms (most common type SACCULAR ANEURYSM)
42
Most common type of intracranial aneurysm
Saccular aneurysm
43
Yellowish CSF from ruptured intracranial aneurysm
Xanthochromia
44
Discrete lesions in the brain with liquefactive necrosis surrounded by fibrosis and swelling
Brain abscess
45
Manifestation of tertiary syphilis
Neurosyphilis
46
Etiology of syphilis
Treponema pallidum
47
Obliterative gelatinous of fibrinous exudate at the basal forebrain with well formed granulomas with caseous necrosis and giant cells
TB meningitis
48
Obstructive hydrocephalus with soap bubble appearance, gelatinous material within the subarachnoid space and small cysts
Cryptococcal meningitis
49
Brain abscess with central foci of necrosis surrounded by tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Ct-scan show ring enhancing lesions
Toxoplasmosis
50
Spongiform transformation of the cerebral cortex and deep gray matter
Creutzfelt Jakob Disease
51
Severe neuronal loss, reactive gliosis and cystlike expansionin CJD
Status spongiosus
52
Autoimmune demyelinating disorder with distinct episodes of neurologic deficits separated in time attributable to white matter lesions that are separated in space
Multiple sclerosis
53
Most common demyelinating disease
Multiple sclerosis
54
Most common presentation of multiple sclerosis
Optic neuritis
55
Most common cause of dementia
Alzheimer's disease
56
Early onset dementia is found in patients with
Down syndrome
57
Found in alzheimers. Depletion of cholinergic neurons in __________
Nucleus basalis of meynert
58
Composed of tau protein found in alzheimers
Neurofibrillary tangles
59
Consists of paracrystalline arrays of beaded actin filaments
Hurano bodies
60
Composed of AB amyloid found in alzheimers
Neuritic (senile) plaques
61
Deterioration of language and changes in mood. Atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes.
Frontotemporal dementia
62
Early onset behavioral changes with wafer-thin gyri (knife-edge appearance) pick bodies
Pick disease
63
Pallor of substantia nigra, lewy bodies (a-synuclein)
Parkinson's disease
64
Prototype trinucleotide repeat disease (CAG repeats)
Hintington disease
65
Presents with progressive movement disorders (chorea) and dementia. Atrophy of the caudate nucleus
Huntington disease
66
Loss of lower motor neurons in spinal cord and brainstem. Caused by mutation in SOD1 gene in chromosome 21
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
67
PAS-positive cytoplasmic inclusions found in ALS
Bunina bodies
68
Presents ieth psychitic symptoms reversible with thiamine administration
Wernicke encephalopathy
69
Presents with memory disturbance and confabulation which is prolonged and largely irreversible
Korsakoff syndrome
70
Pathologic finding of wernicke encephalopathy
Hemorrhages and necrosis of the mammillary bodies
71
Thiamine deficiency associated with hemosiderin laden macrophages in cystic spaces of the dorsomedian nucleus of the thalamus
Korsakoff syndrome
72
Common location of primary brain tumor in adults
Supratentorial (70%)
73
Common location of primary brain tumor in children
Infratentorial (70%)
74
Most common supratentorial primary brain tumor in adults
Glioblastoma multforme
75
Most common infratentorial primary brain tumor in children
Cystic cerebellar astrocytoma
76
70% of ALL neuroglial tumors usually involves frontal lobe in adults and cerebellum in children
Astrocyoma
77
A high grade astrocytoma with pseudo-palisading pattern of tumor cells
Glioblastoma multiforme
78
CNS tumor with loose microcystic pattern with bipolar cells and rosenthal fibers
Pilocytic astorcytoma
79
CNS tumor with cytoplasmic halos and perineural satellitosis
Oligodendriglioma
80
Benign CNS tumor derived from ependymal cells. Characterized by PERIVASCULAR PSEUDOROSETTES and is commonly located in the spinal cord
Ependymoma
81
CNS tumor with HOMER WRIGHT ROSETTES desmoplasia, and DROP METASTASES in the cauda equina
Medulloblastoma
82
The most common benign brain tumor in adults. Has PSAMMOMA BODIES.
Meningioma
83
The most common brain malignancy
Brain metastasis (lungs) Lungs>breast>melanoma>kidney>GI
84
Most common site of Schwannomas
Cerebellopontine angle
85
Autosomal dominant metastatic brain tumor characterized by hamartomas (potato or tuber appearance) development of benign neoplasms involving the brain and other tissues. Shagreen patches and ash-leaf patches
Tuberous sclerosis
86
Potato or tuber appearance and candle-guttering
Tuberous sclerosis
87
Only a portion of the ventricular system is enlarged because of excess CSF
Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

Erwin Personal Flash Cards (16 decks)

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