Central nervous system Flashcards
(27 cards)
What happens when the volume of tissue or fluid inside the skull increases?
The intracranial pressure rises
What is herniation?
Where a part of the brain moves from one compartment of the skull to another
Which area of the brain is mostly responsible for speech? Where is it located?
Broca’s area in the frontal lobe
Which area of the brain is responsible for processing speech and comprehending written and spoken language? Where is it located?
Wernicke’s area in the temporal lobe
What are focal neurological signs?
Signs or symptoms where the cause can be localised to an anatomic site in the CNS
Anosmia, inappropriate emotions,expressive dysphasia and motor impairment are examples of focal neurological signs in…
The frontal lobe
Receptive dysphasia and sensory impairment are examples of focal neurological signs in..
The parietal lobe
Cortical deafness and receptive dysphasia are examples of focal neurological signs in…
The temporal lobe
Assess consciousness with AVPU what does AVPU stand for?
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
How many in the UK have a stroke per year?
130,000
FAST signs of stroke
Facial drooping
Arm weakness or numbness
Speech slurring
Time
Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) usually resolves itself within…
24 hours
Treatments for transient ischaemic attack
Antiplatelet therapy - aspirin/clopidogrel
Controlling BP and lowering cholesterol
What are the 2 main pathological types of stroke?
Ischaemic and haemorrhagic
Risk factors for stroke
Hypertension Diabetes Heart disease TIA Hyperlipidaemia
Causes of stroke
Hypoxia of the brain and bleeds in the brain
Causes of haemorrhagic events
Hypertension, vascular malfomation, neoplasia, trauma, substance abuse.
Intracerebral haemorrhage usually originates from
Arterial
What percentage of subarachnoid haemorrhage is caused by the rupture of saccular aneurysms
80%
How many in the UK are affected by dementia
80,000
Cholinesterase inhibitors like rivastigmine are used to treat…
Dementia/alzheimers
Sodium valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin and lamotragine are drugs used in the management of…
Epilepsy
3 Types of meningitis
Bacterial, fungal and viral
Bacteria that cause meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
