Central Nervous System Drugs

Question 1

What Xanthine does?

Answer 1

Stimulate respiration

Question 2

IDENTIFY PARKINSON’S DISEASE

Answer 2

• Slowly progressive
  neurodegenerative disorder
  characterized by tremor, rigidity,
  postural instability and slowed
  movement
• Affects the extrapyramidal system
  which influences movement

Question 3

What are the Mechanism of Action of “DOPAMINE
REPLACEMENT”

Answer 3

• Converted to Dopamine
  and activates dopamine
  receptors

Question 4

What are the Mechanism of Action “DOPAMINE RELEASER : Amantadine”

Answer 4

It is an Anti-viral but promotes
release of dopamine

Question 5

What are the Mechanism of Action “COMT INHIBITORS : Entacapone
tolcapone”

Answer 5

It Inhibits breakdown of
levodopa

Question 6

Commonly Symptoms that defines “EPILEPSY”

Answer 6

• SEIZURE – general term that apllies to
  all types of epileptic events
• CONVULSION – abnormal motor
  phenomenon

Question 7

What are “PHENOBARBITAL” does.

Answer 7

• Effective against partial seizures and
  generalized tonic-clonic seizures but
  not absence seizures
• Suppresses seizures by potentiating
  the effects of GABA
• Can be used as daytime sedative
  “sleeping pills”
• Able to suppress seizures without
  causing generalized CNS delapression

Question 8

4 DRUGS INCLUDES IN BENZODIAZEPINE

Answer 8

1.DIAZEPAM
2. CLONAZEPAM
3. CLORAZEPATE
4. LORAZEPAM

Question 9

What Diazepam does.

Answer 9

it is restricted to acute
treatment of status epilepticus

Question 10

What is Clonazepam does.

Answer 10

– treatment for
absence, atypical absence seizures

Question 11

WHAT ARE THOSE MECHANISM OF ACTIOND OF THE DRUGS ‘CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES”

Answer 11

• Suppression of neuronal firing though
• Blocking sodium channels
• Blocking calcium influx
• Augment inhibitory influence of GABA

Question 12

PROVIDE ALL INDICATIONS OF “GABAPENTIN”

Answer 12

• Partial seizures in adults
• Treatment of pain from diabetic
  neuropathy
• Tremors associated with MS, bipolar
  disorder and migraine prophylaxis

Question 13

NON
DEPOLARIZING AGENTS
IS USE FOR;?

Answer 13

• Ease of passage of an
  endotracheal tube
• Decrease the amount of
  anesthetic required during surgery
• Facilitate realigning broken bones
  and dislocated joints
• Prevent muscle injury during ECT

Question 14

GIVE ATLEAST 3 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF “BENZODIAZEPINE”

Answer 14

Drowsiness
- Confusion
- Ataxia
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Nystagmus
- Vertigo
- Headache
- Tremor
- Glassy eyed
- Appearance

Question 15

WHAT ARE THOSE ‘CARBAMAZEPINE’ DOES.

Answer 15

• Cornerstone of epilepsy therapy
• Active against partial seizures and tonic-clonic
  seizures but not absence seizures
• Suppresses neuronal discharge by delaying
  recovery of sodium channels
• Has fewer side effects than phenytoin and
  phenobarbital
• Rashes, hives and Steven-Johnson Sydrome [fatal
  inflammatory disease] can occur as adverse
  reactions
• Do not drink grapefruit juice as it can increase levels

Question 16

WHAT ARE THOSE NURSING
CONSIDERATION IN USING ‘BARBITURATES’

Answer 16

1. Assess response to drug and serum levels.
2. monitor compliance every follow-up
   checkup
3. IV phenobarbital is reserved for
   emergency treatment – monitor RR
   and do not give more than 60mg/min
4. Do not stop the drug abruptly

Question 17

WHAT DOES “PHENYTOIN” DO.

Answer 17

Stabilize nerve cells to keep them from getting overexcited
by increasing efflux or decreasing influx of sodium ions

Question 18

DEFINE “ PARTIAL SEIZURES
“ IN EPELIPSY SYMPTOMS.

Answer 18

• Excitation undergoes limited spread from
  the focus to adjacent cortical areas

Question 19

DEFINE “ GENERALIZED SEIZURES
“ IN EPELIPSY SYMPTOMS.

Answer 19

• Excitation spreads widely throughout
  both hemispheres of the brain

Question 20

WHAT ARE THOSE ADVERSE EFFECTS
OF THE DRUGS ‘Selegiline’

Answer 20

• Headache
• Insomnia
• Dizziness
• Nausea
  arrhythmia