Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIOL 2010 > Central Nervous System pt 1 > Flashcards

Central Nervous System pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the basic parts included in the CNS

A

brain and spinal cord b/c it is the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe the physical support of the CNS

A

extensive bone and connective tissue, CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the meninges

A
  • type of membrane connective tissue continuous to spinal cord
  • 2 names to distinguish regions (cranial [head] and spinal [spinal cord])
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the layers of the meninges, and mention their location relative to another

A
  • dura mater (outer)
  • arachnoid mater (middle)
  • pia mater (inner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the purpose of arachnoid villi

A

they reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid which cushions and circulates in and around CNS for a regulated extracellular environment for the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

compare plasma and CSF

A

extremely similar except CSF:
- lacks proteins
- high in Cl- ions
- low in Ca+2, K+ ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does the CSF circulate

A

through ventricles and in subarachnoid space (between pia mater and arachnoid membrane)
- in and around brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the spaces called within the brain

A
  • lateral ventricles
  • third ventricle
  • fourth ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what produces CSF

A

choroid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is that our brains don’t ‘explode’ from too much CSF

A

rate of production by choroid plexus is same as rate of absorption by arachnoid villi into blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a stroke

A

decreased blood supply to brain, leading to organ failure, paralyzation, and possible death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the types of strokes

A
  • occlusion of cerebral blood vessel
  • hemorrhage from cerebral blood vessel
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is blood crucial for the brain

A

dependent for its energy and nutrients which makes it sensitive to interruptions in blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the brain has a _______ metabolic rate

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the blood-brain barrier

A

physical barrier between blood and CSF b/c of tight junctions between the endothelial cells of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of the blood brain barrier

A

protect CNS from possible harmful substances in blood due to tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which molecules are able to diffuse through capillaries in brain, which aren’t?

A

hydrophobic molecules can diffuse, but hydrophillic molecules cannot due to blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe the main difference(s) between a typical capillary and brain capillary

A

typical cap. has pores due to space between endothelial cells, whilst brain cap. has tight junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how can select hydrophillic solutes diffuse through the blood-brain barrier, include examples of solutes

A

carrier mediated transport; glucose, insulin, amino acids, choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the types of communication fibres in the brain

A

association, commissural, projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is grey matter; what types of actions does it focus on

A
  • butterfly shape in brain
  • has axon terminals, neural cell bodies, dendrites, and nerve synapses
  • focuses more on motor actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is white matter

A
  • has bundled myelinated axons
  • sensory actions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of association fibres

A

connect one part to another in one half of the brain (either left or right hemisphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of commissural fibres
connect one area of the brain to the same area across the hemisphere
26
function of projection fibres
connect one area of brain to a lower area OR to the spinal cord - will often cross sides - neurally connected
27
what is corpus collosum
connects right and left sides of brain (where you can find commissural fibres)
28
what are the functional halves of gray matter
dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor)
29
what is one way to identify which side is the dorsal horn and which is the ventral horn on a diagram
dorsal side will have swelled cell body
30
what does the dorsal horn consist of
axon terminal, swelled cell body, dorsal root, dorsal root ganglion, afferent axons
31
what does the ventral horn consist of
cell body, efferent axon, ventral root
32
what axon(s) does a spinal nerve have
afferent and efferent (therefore called mixed nerves)
33
white matter is able to form communication between different levels of spinal cord and brain through__________. what are the types
tracts; ascending (spinal to brain) and descending (brain to spinal)
34
explain what the lateral spinothalamic tract may communicate
getting hurt and feeling pain
35
explain what the pyramidal tracts (later and anterior) may communicate
cramping of finger that needs to be stretched
36
describe the role of analgesic systems during stress
blocks synaptic transmission between pain-transmitting afferent neuron and interneurons in spinal cord -blocking of pain signal to brain prevents perception of pain stimulus (survival mechanism)
37
what are the main parts of the brain structure
forebrain, cerebellum, brainstem
38
what are the subdivisions of the forebrain
cerebrum and diencephalon (which divides into thalamus and hypothalamus which has suprachiasmatic nucleus)
39
what are the subdivisions of the brainstem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
40
describe the cerebellum and its functions
- bilaterally symmetrical, has cortex and nuclei - motor coordination, balance, hand-eye coordination
41
what does the nuclei refer to in the context of neural biology and neuroscience
cluster of neurons in CNS
42
describe the brainstem; what type of a processing centre is it
- connector of forebrain and cerebellum to spinal cord - processing center for most pairs of cranial nerves, reticular formation
43
what do the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata connect to
forebrain; cerebellum; spinal cord, respectively
44
what is reticular formation; what is it important for
diffusion network of nuclei which is important in sleep-wake cycles, arousal of cortex and consciousness
45
what does the ANS control
regulation of involuntary functions
46
what is the cerebral cortex
outermost portion of cerebrum with a thin, convulated layer of gray matter
47
describe gyri and sulci
gray matter for cerebral cortex; gyri = bumps, sulci = grooves
48
describe the neural processing in the cerebral cortex
highest level: - perception of environment - formulation of ideas - recall of past events - command of body movement - complex integrating center
49
how can we divide the cerebral cortex and their relative locations
frontal lobe (front away from brainstem), parietal lobe (top of rounded part), occipital lobe (very back of brain), temporal lobe closest to brainstem and cerebellum
50
the cerebral cortex can be divided into functional areas that may cross lobes and cause it to have multiple functions. what are the main subdivisions we are to focus on?
broca's area, primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex, wernicke's area
51
what is the function of the primary motor cortex
voluntary movement
52
what is the function of broca's area
speech formation
53
what is the function of the primary somatosensory cortex
somesthetic sensations and proprioception
54
what is the function of the primary visual cortex
vision
55
what is the function of Wernicke's area
language comprehension
56
what is the topographic organization of the cerebral cortex
based on mapping the brain by function; the brain is divided into the sensory cortex and the motor cortex and human body parts are aligned along the edge. their size describe how much of a focus it is for that area
57
what are cortical association areas, function
part of the brain that performs complex processing, requiring information from primary cortical areas for integration - ex walking in the park and deciding whether to help someone based on how they call for help
58
what is brain lateralization, is it absolute
right and left brain have their 'specializations'; not absolute b/c can be opposite for some people, sensory and motor pathways cross
59
what is generally said to be controlled by right side of brain, left side?
creativity, spatial perception logic, analytical abilities, language
60
what are the important parts of the diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nucleus
61
what is the function of the thalamus
- integrates of sensory and motor info - sensory relay to cortex
62
what is the function of the hypothalamus
integrating sensor for motor and sensory info - communicates with ANS - food intake - thermoregulation - neuroendocrine
63
what is the purpose of the suprachiasmatic nucleus
circadian rhythms, pineal gland
64
what are the structures of the limbic system
amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate gyrus, parts of the thalamus and hypothalamus
65
what are the functions of the limbic system
learning, emotions, behaviour

BIOL 2010 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions