CENTRAL+ PHERIPHERAL nervous system

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

the communication network and control centre of the body- consists of brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 2

CNS V PNS

Answer 2

CNS- (brain and spinal cord)
PNS: nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

meninges
( 3 layers of connective tissue )

Answer 3

1.dura mater- tough+fibrous(outside), protection

2.arachnoid mater- delciate membrane, shock absb

3. pia mater- inner, brain barrier

Question 4

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 4

found between the meningeal layers and venrricles in the brain

clear , watery fluid containing glucose , portein and uear

used as shock abs, supports, carriers nutrients

Question 5

cranium and vertebrae

Answer 5

• brain protected by the cranium; skull that houses the brain
  While the spinal cord runs through the vertebral canal , an opening of the vertebrae
  strong + rigid structure

Question 6

4 main parts

Answer 6

medulla oblongata-brian stem
hypothlamus
cerebellum
cerebrum

Question 7

cerebrum.

Answer 7

• biggest part of brain
  – 3 layers of the cerebrum
  outer grey matter - cerebral cortex
  inner white matter
  Additional additional grey matter: basal ganglia

Question 8

frontal lobe

Answer 8

controls important cognitive skills (thinking)

Question 9

parietal lobe
(top)

Answer 9

processing impulses associated with the senses
taste, touch ,

Question 10

temporal lobe
(just above ear)

Answer 10

auditory processing area (hearing)

Question 11

occipital lobe
(back of head)

Answer 11

visual processing area (sight)

Question 12

cerebral cortex

Answer 12

• convolutions separated by sulci (shallow d/f) or fissures (deep d/f)
• organised into sensory, motor, and association areas

Question 13

sensory areas

Answer 13

involved in the perception of sensory information / sensation

Question 14

motor areas

Answer 14

controls voluntary muscular movement + generates speech

Question 15

association area

Answer 15

deals w/ complex integrative functions

e.g. learning, thinking, reasoning, memory, intelligence, enables abstract thought (planning + creativity)

stores memories

Question 16

inner white matter

Answer 16

contains bundles of myelinated nerve fibres (tracts) that connect various areas of the cortex + other areas o the brain or spinal cord

Question 17

basal ganglia

Answer 17

• helps to regulate initiation + termination of movements, subconscious movements or skeletal muscles
  
  • e.g. automatic arm swings

Question 18

corpus callosum

Answer 18

nerve fibres in the corpus callosum cross from one cerebral hemispheres to the other allowing both sides to communicate

Question 19

cerebellum

Answer 19

contains outer grey matter and inner white matter

controls posture, balance + fine coordination of voluntary muscle movement, including speech

Question 20

hypothalamus

Answer 20

homeostasis ( cons int envi)
- autonomic n/s- presuusre, rate, movemnt
- body temp
-food+water instake
-sleeping patterns, waalking,
- regulates emotion, behavioural patterns
homeones frome pituitary glands

Question 21

medulla oblongata

Answer 21

-continuation of spianl cord
- regulates reflexes
- respiratory system-breathing
-cardiovasiclaur centre

bainstem dead= brain dead

Question 22

spinal cord

Answer 22

• Extends from theforamen magnum(base of the skull) to the secondlumbar vertebra(waist level).

Protected by
vertebral column+ surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid and meninges

functions :
communication- pathway for brain PNS
asending tracts- sesnory imp-> brain
descending tracts-motor imp from brain

Question 23

PNS
functions

Answer 23

• to connect the CNS w/ sense organs, muscles, organs, glands
• carry nerve impulses to and from all parts of the body

Question 24

cranial nerves

Answer 24

12 pairs
asscoiated with brain
have both sensory and motor fibres

Question 25

spinal nerves

Answer 25

31 pairs leaves the spinal cord contains sensory and motor fibres

Question 26

sensory fibres

Answer 26

fibres that carry imopulses into the CNS

Question 27

motor fibres

Answer 27

fibres that carry impulses away CNS

Question 28

afferent division

Answer 28

carry impulses into CNS by sensory neurones divided into somatic and visceral neurons

Question 29

somatic snesory neurons

Answer 29

bring impulses from skin and muscles

Question 30

visceral sensory neurons

Answer 30

bring impulses from the internal organs

Question 31

efferent division

Answer 31

nerve fibres that carry impulses from CNS ( away) into somatic and autonomic NS

Question 32

somatic NS

Answer 32

impulses from CNS to SKELETAL mucles voluntary , response to the environemnt

Question 33

autonomic NS

Answer 33

carry impulses to heart muscles, glands, and stuff adjustment of inernal environment(homeostasis) goes into sympathetic division parasympathetic division

Question 34

sympathetic

Answer 34

prepares body for fight or flight generally increases activity

Question 35

parasympathetic

Answer 35

maintains or returns to normal functioning generally decreases activity