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Arky 201 > Ceramics Quiz > Flashcards

Ceramics Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Pottery

A

Objects made of baked (poorly fired) clay

  • people began making pottery at least 20,000 years ago
  • the technology was invented several times throughout human history
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2
Q

Ceramics

A
  • well-fired clay

- the earliest ceramics come from the Jomom culture in Japan between 12-10,000 years ago

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3
Q

Ceramic analysis

A
  • ceramic use was widespread in old work by about 8000 years ago
  • developed independently in New world 4000 years ago in ecuado and Colombia
  • associated with the intro of agriculture and settled communities
  • ceramics are one of the most abundant types of artifacts found in arky examples
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4
Q

What we can learn through ceramics:

A
  • trade
  • diet
  • ideology/ religion
  • social organization
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5
Q

Ceramic forms:

A
  • plate
  • dish
  • bowl
  • jar
  • case
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6
Q

Plate

A

Height less than 1/5 diameter

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7
Q

Dish

A

Height between 1/3 and 1/5 of the diameter

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8
Q

Bowl

A

Height no more than equal diameter, but no less that 1/3 diameter

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9
Q

Vase

A
  • height greater than diameter and no restricted opening
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10
Q

Jar

A
  • height greater than diameter and restricted opening
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11
Q

Ceramic manufacture:

A
  1. Procurement of raw material
  2. Preparation of raw material
  3. Forming the vessel
  4. Pre-firing treatments
  5. Drying
  6. Firing
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12
Q

Procurement of raw material

A
  • clay is a fine grained earthy material develops plasticity when mixed with water
  • ideal flexible when wet, yet hard and sturdy after firing
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13
Q

Preparation of raw material

A

Levigating
Kneading or wedging
Tempering

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14
Q

Levigating

A

In order remove impurities, clay is kixed with a lot of water, stirred, and left to settle

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15
Q

Kneading or wedging

A

Eliminates large clumps of material and makes it more homogenous

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16
Q

Tempering

A

In order to reduce uneven shrinking and cracking when drying, a temper is added to he clay

17
Q

Temper

A
  • inclusions in n clay is hat give it strength and workability and counteract shrinkage and cracking during firing
  • ex crushed shell, rock, pottery; sand, grass or straw
  • same may be aesthetic
  • the finer the temper the stronger the pottery; usually about 10-50% of padre
18
Q

Forming the vessel:

A
  • hand
  • paddle and anvil
  • coiling
  • slab
  • moulding
  • wheel throwing
19
Q

Paddle and anvil

A

Using a paddle on the outside and anvil on the inside to shape a vessel

20
Q

Slab

A
  • creating think slabs eh ch are shaped together into a vessel
21
Q

Moulding

A
  • pressing the clay into a fork which produces the vessel
22
Q

Pre- firing treatments

A
  • smoothing and scraping

- burnishing

23
Q

Burnishing

A

When the piece is leather hard, a tool, often very smooth stone or cloth, is used to smooth and shine the surface

24
Q

Two types decoration

A

Plastic and non-plastic

25
Q

Plastic decoration

A

Alters the surface of the clay when wet

26
Q

Non plastic surface decoration

A

Adds a material such as paint or glaze to the surface of the vessel

27
Q

Plastic

Decoration

A

Appliqué
Impression
Incision
Excision

28
Q

Appliqué

A

The addition of 3D ornamentation, such as anthropomorphic heads, to the surface of the pot

29
Q

Impression

A
  • stamping or pressing something onto the surface if a pot
30
Q

Incision

A

Using a sharp object such as a stick to cut out a Lin pattern into the surface of a vessel

31
Q

Excision

A
  • cutting out a portion of the surface clay creating a type of relief background for a pattern
32
Q

Surface decoration types

A

Slip
Paint
Glaze

33
Q

Slip

A

A slurry of very thin clay applied before firing

34
Q

Firing

A
  • domestic fires
  • bonfires
  • put fires
  • Lila
35
Q

Domestic fires

A
  • placed in camp fire and rotated around until baked
36
Q

Bonfires

A

Ceramics arranged in tiers and duel is placed on top

37
Q

Oxidizing environments

A

Result when the fir has sufficient oxygen to burn cleanly and with high heat, resulting in colours such as yellows, reds and irganhes

38
Q

Reducing

A
  • environments result in I sugficine tocugen supply to the fuel so that it does not bring cleanly - more spot - black and grey
39
Q

Diagnostic sherds

A

Can inform us about the shape and decoration of the original vessel

Arky 201 (6 decks)

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