Ceramics Quiz Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

Pottery

A

Objects made of baked (poorly fired) clay

  • people began making pottery at least 20,000 years ago
  • the technology was invented several times throughout human history
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2
Q

Ceramics

A
  • well-fired clay

- the earliest ceramics come from the Jomom culture in Japan between 12-10,000 years ago

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3
Q

Ceramic analysis

A
  • ceramic use was widespread in old work by about 8000 years ago
  • developed independently in New world 4000 years ago in ecuado and Colombia
  • associated with the intro of agriculture and settled communities
  • ceramics are one of the most abundant types of artifacts found in arky examples
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4
Q

What we can learn through ceramics:

A
  • trade
  • diet
  • ideology/ religion
  • social organization
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5
Q

Ceramic forms:

A
  • plate
  • dish
  • bowl
  • jar
  • case
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6
Q

Plate

A

Height less than 1/5 diameter

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7
Q

Dish

A

Height between 1/3 and 1/5 of the diameter

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8
Q

Bowl

A

Height no more than equal diameter, but no less that 1/3 diameter

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9
Q

Vase

A
  • height greater than diameter and no restricted opening
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10
Q

Jar

A
  • height greater than diameter and restricted opening
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11
Q

Ceramic manufacture:

A
  1. Procurement of raw material
  2. Preparation of raw material
  3. Forming the vessel
  4. Pre-firing treatments
  5. Drying
  6. Firing
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12
Q

Procurement of raw material

A
  • clay is a fine grained earthy material develops plasticity when mixed with water
  • ideal flexible when wet, yet hard and sturdy after firing
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13
Q

Preparation of raw material

A

Levigating
Kneading or wedging
Tempering

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14
Q

Levigating

A

In order remove impurities, clay is kixed with a lot of water, stirred, and left to settle

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15
Q

Kneading or wedging

A

Eliminates large clumps of material and makes it more homogenous

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16
Q

Tempering

A

In order to reduce uneven shrinking and cracking when drying, a temper is added to he clay

17
Q

Temper

A
  • inclusions in n clay is hat give it strength and workability and counteract shrinkage and cracking during firing
  • ex crushed shell, rock, pottery; sand, grass or straw
  • same may be aesthetic
  • the finer the temper the stronger the pottery; usually about 10-50% of padre
18
Q

Forming the vessel:

A
  • hand
  • paddle and anvil
  • coiling
  • slab
  • moulding
  • wheel throwing
19
Q

Paddle and anvil

A

Using a paddle on the outside and anvil on the inside to shape a vessel

20
Q

Slab

A
  • creating think slabs eh ch are shaped together into a vessel
21
Q

Moulding

A
  • pressing the clay into a fork which produces the vessel
22
Q

Pre- firing treatments

A
  • smoothing and scraping

- burnishing

23
Q

Burnishing

A

When the piece is leather hard, a tool, often very smooth stone or cloth, is used to smooth and shine the surface

24
Q

Two types decoration

A

Plastic and non-plastic

25
Plastic decoration
Alters the surface of the clay when wet
26
Non plastic surface decoration
Adds a material such as paint or glaze to the surface of the vessel
27
Plastic | Decoration
Appliqué Impression Incision Excision
28
Appliqué
The addition of 3D ornamentation, such as anthropomorphic heads, to the surface of the pot
29
Impression
- stamping or pressing something onto the surface if a pot
30
Incision
Using a sharp object such as a stick to cut out a Lin pattern into the surface of a vessel
31
Excision
- cutting out a portion of the surface clay creating a type of relief background for a pattern
32
Surface decoration types
Slip Paint Glaze
33
Slip
A slurry of very thin clay applied before firing
34
Firing
- domestic fires - bonfires - put fires - Lila
35
Domestic fires
- placed in camp fire and rotated around until baked
36
Bonfires
Ceramics arranged in tiers and duel is placed on top
37
Oxidizing environments
Result when the fir has sufficient oxygen to burn cleanly and with high heat, resulting in colours such as yellows, reds and irganhes
38
Reducing
- environments result in I sugficine tocugen supply to the fuel so that it does not bring cleanly - more spot - black and grey
39
Diagnostic sherds
Can inform us about the shape and decoration of the original vessel