Cerebellum

Question 1

what are the three lobes of the Cerebellum?

Answer 1

anterior; posterior; flocculonodular lobes

Question 2

the primary fissure separates?

Answer 2

Anterior and posterior lobes

Question 3

the posterolateral fissure separates?

Answer 3

posterior and flocculonodular lobes

Question 4

the cerebellum constitutes what percentage of the total volume of the brain? What percentage of neurons in the brain?

Answer 4

The Cerebellum(?little? brain) constitutes only 10% of the total volume of the brain (~ 150 gr.), but contains more than 50% of neurons of the entire brain

Question 5

the cerebellum is located?

Answer 5

is located behind the dorsal aspect of the pons, medulla, and the fourth ventricle

Question 6

the cerebellum consists of two? They are separated by the?

Answer 6

two hemispheres with many tightly?packed gyri; hemispheres are separated by the vermis(?worm?)

Question 7

the cerebellum is composed of? Unlike the cerebrum there are no?

Answer 7

is composed of outer cerebellar cortex and internal white matter; Cerebellum LACKS commissural l& association fibres

Question 8

similar to the cerebrum the cerebellum contains subcortical nuclei what are they?

Answer 8

Dentate nuclei; Interposed nuclei (emboliform nuclei + globose nuclei); Fastigial nuclei

Question 9

the cerebellum is connected to the brainstem by what? What are there names?

Answer 9

3 paired axonal bundles called cerebellar peduncles; Superior cerebellar peduncle (axons to/from the midbrain); Middle cerebellar peduncle (axons from the pons; the biggest of the three peduncles!); Inferior cerebellar peduncle (axons to/from medulla)

Question 10

all axons that enter or exit the cerebellum have to pass through?

Answer 10

All axons that enter or exit the cerebellum have to pass through the cerebellar peduncles

Question 11

the horizontal fissure divides the cerebellum into?

Answer 11

two equal halves

Question 12

the superior half of the cerebellum is supplied by ?

Answer 12

Superior half of the cerebellum is supplied by one superior cerebellar artery

Question 13

the inferior half of the cerebellum is supplied by?

Answer 13

Inferior half of the cerebellum is supplied by two inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 14

the regions of the cerebellar can be classified from a development point of view; what are the classifications?

Answer 14

Archicerebellum(flocculonodular lobe; oldest part); Paleocerebellum(anterior lobe, vermis &intermediate region; old part); Neocerebellum (lateral parts of the hemispheres; newest part)

Question 15

the regions of the cerebellar can be classified from a functional point of view; what are the classifications?

Answer 15

Vestibulocerebellum(flocculonodular lobe, ?fastigial nuclei?); Spinocerebellum(anterior lobe, vermis &paravermal region, globose &emboliform nuclei); Cerebrocerebellum(lateral cerebellar hemispheres; dentate nuclei)

Question 16

the Spinocerebellum is composed of? It Regulates? It receives input from? It sends information back via the?

Answer 16

composed of the anterior lobe, vermis, intermediate (paravermal) hemisphere; Regulates muscle tone, posture balance; Receives input from ipsilateral spinal cord; send information back via the fastigial and interposed (globose & emboliform) nuclei to reticulospinal and rubrospinal tracts

Question 17

the Vestibulocerebellum is composed of? It regulates? It receives projections form? Send information to?

Answer 17

Composed of the flocculonodular lobe; Regulates body balance and eye movements (÷ÿfunctions of lateral medial vestibulospinal tracts); Receives projections from vestibular nuclei; ends back information to vestibular nuclei via the fastigial nuclei

Question 18

the Neocerebellum is composed of the? It coordinates? It receives afferent projections from? It projects back via?

Answer 18

the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum; Coordination of fast and alternating movements; Receives afferent projections primarily from contralateral neocortex; Projects back via dentate nucleus to contralateral motor cortex (via thalamus) and red nucleus

Question 19

what are the three cell layers of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 19

Molecular cell layer; Purkinje cell layer; Granular cell layer

Question 20

what are the two types of afferent fibbers in the cerebellar?

Answer 20

Mossy fibbers (terminate in the granule cell layer); Climbing fibbers (Target the purkinje cell layer;

Question 21

describe the structures of the purkinje cells of the cerebellum

Answer 21

Purkinje cells are flat and have a 2 dimensional structure

Question 22

describe the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 22

Comprised of parallel axons and dendrites; contains afferent (input) parallel fibbers of the granule cells axons; contains efferent (output) purkinje cell dendrites

Question 23

describe the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 23

Comprised of thin row of large cells; made up of lots of purkinje cells; uses GABA as its primary neurotransmitter; contains afferent (input) parallel fibers of the granule cells climbing fibber from inferior olivary nucleus; efferent(output) deep cortical nuclei

Question 24

describe the Granular cell layer of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 24

Comprised of closely packed granule cells; made up of lots of granule Cells; uses glutamate as its primary neurotransmitter; contains afferent (input) mossy fibbers; efferent(output) : Purkinje cell dendrites

Question 25

the Cerebellar contains complete?

Answer 25

It contains complete motor and sensory representation of the body

Question 26

The cerebellar compares what with what?

Answer 26

It compares performance with motor signals from the cerebral cortex

Question 27

the cerebellar controls ?

Answer 27

It controls ongoing voluntary movements; detects and corrects movement errors(= adaptive adjustment)

Question 28

the cerebellar is involved in?

Answer 28

Involved in error?based motor learning

Question 29

The cerebellar controls the timing of?

Answer 29

Controls timing of movement/muscle action

Question 30

major symptoms of cerebellar diseases are?

Answer 30

major symptoms of cerebellar diseases are ataxia and imbalance