Cerebellum

Question 1

cerebellum

Answer 1

adjusts output of UMN pathways

control rate, range, and force of ongoing motor movements

maintenance of stable posture

planning and timing of complex movement

Question 2

rate, range, and force

Answer 2

coordination

of ongoing movements

Question 3

what cerebellum does NOT do

Answer 3

issue motor commands
-Dx not chacterized by paresis or paralysis

does not act in awareness

no loss of conscious sensory function

Question 4

folia

Answer 4

gyri of the cerebellum

Question 5

vermis

Answer 5

medial region of cerebellum

Question 6

cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 6

left and right

Question 7

primary fissure

Answer 7

splits anterior and posterior lobes of cerebellum

Question 8

lobes

Answer 8

anterior/posterior

best identifed by mid-sagittal view

Question 9

nodulus

Answer 9

viewed anteriorly, part of the vermis

attached to two flocculi

Question 10

flocculonodular lobe

Answer 10

nodulus and two flocculi

Question 11

tonsil

Answer 11

viewed anteriorly, below the nodulus

can be moved to foramen magnum with increased ICP

Question 12

blood supply of cerebellum

Answer 12

superior cerebellar arteries
anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

Question 13

cerebellar peduncles

Answer 13

inferior - input
middle - input
superior - output

all medially

Question 14

inferior peduncles

Answer 14

cerebellar input

• spinocerebellar tracts
• vestibular input and from olive

Question 15

middle peduncles

Answer 15

ALL input

-pontocerebellar fibers

Question 16

superior peduncles

Answer 16

cerebellar output

Question 17

cell bodies of cerebellum

Answer 17

externally

Question 18

arbor vitae

Answer 18

white matter to and from cerebellar cortex

–looks like tree

Question 19

outer cerebellar cortex

Answer 19

lots of cell processes

-inner cerebellar cortex - cell bodies

Question 20

molecular layer

Answer 20

outer cerebellar cortex

Question 21

purkinje neurons

Answer 21

make up purkinje cell layer

• one cell thick, nice line
• huge dendritic trees
• huge cell body

deep to molecular layer
above granule cell layer

Question 22

granule cell layer

Answer 22

just above the arbor vitae

Question 23

cerebellar hemispheres control

Answer 23

ipsilateral body

Question 24

brodmans areas 4 and 6 and 8

Answer 24

equivalent to primary, supplementary, and premotor cortices

Question 25

3 division of cerebellum

Answer 25

named according to afferent source vestibulocerebellum

Question 26

vestibulocerebellum

Answer 26

input - from vestibular apparatus and nuclei to flocculonodular node output - fastigial nucleus

Question 27

flocculonodular node

Answer 27

vestibulocerebellum -receive from vestibular apparatus and nuclei coordinate proximal muscles, maintain body posture, coordinate eye movements

Question 28

fastigial nucleus

Answer 28

output of vestibulocerebellum

Question 29

targets of fastigial

Answer 29

vestibular and reticular nuclei involved in vestibulocerebellum

Question 30

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 30

input - cerebrum areas 4, 6 -from pontine nuclei, decussates to contralateral cerebellum most of lateral hemispheres of cerebellum planning, timing, initiation of complex movements - piano and baseball

Question 31

dentate nucleus

Answer 31

nucleus of cerebrocerebellum

Question 32

targets of cerebrocerebellum

Answer 32

thalamus back to cortex

Question 33

spinocerebellum

Answer 33

to the vermis and paravermal region smoothness, accuracy, coordination of voluntary movements -rate, range, force of voluntary movements "comparator"

Question 34

afferents to spinocerebellum

Answer 34

proprioception - same as DCML - unconscious 4 tracts from cord -A/P spinocerebellar tracts (lower limb) -rostral spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar (upper limb) also muscles of mastication - trigeminocerebellar tract

Question 35

spinocerebellum

Answer 35

influence upper motor systems lateral - LCST and rubrospinal medial - vestibulospinal and reticulospinal

Question 36

lateral influence

Answer 36

by paravermal regions of cerebellar cortex -damage to paravermal regions - deficits in distal limb musculature

Question 37

medial influence

Answer 37

by vermis of cerebellar cortex - damage to vermis - axial muscles - deficit in postural muscles

Question 38

damage to vermis

Answer 38

wide base stance

Question 39

damage to paravermal region

Answer 39

change in rate, range, force of distal limb musculature

Question 40

cerebellar lesions

Answer 40

ipsilateral motor ataxia -uncoordinated movement ``` dysmetria intention tremor (different from parkinsons) - occurs WITH voluntary movement dysdiadochokinesia ```

Question 41

midline lesions

Answer 41

unsteady gait truncal sway uncoordinated eye movement wide based stance

Question 42

lateral lesions

Answer 42

ataxia of limbs past pointing dysdiadochokinesia

Question 43

alcohol

Answer 43

impacts cerebellum - slows these things down - mimics cerebellar lesions