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Neuro Mini Exam > Eye Histology > Flashcards

Eye Histology Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

divisions of eye

A

two compartments - anterior and posterior

-divided by lens, suspensory ligaments, ciliary body

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2
Q

anterior compartment

A

aqueous humor, anterior and posterior chambers

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3
Q

posterior compartment

A

vitreous humor (jelly like, proteins, hyaluronic acid, specialized cell types)

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4
Q

three tissue types in eye

A 
exterior > interior 
corneo-scleral (fibrous tunic)
uveal layer (vascular tunic)
retinal layer (neural tunic)
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5
Q

sclera

A

white of eye posterior 5/6 of eye

-made of corneo-scleral layer

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6
Q

uveal layer

A

vascular layer

  • choroid - posterior of 5/6 eye
  • anterior - ciliary body and iris
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7
Q

retinal layer

A

anterior - pigmented epithelium

posterior - neuronal

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8
Q

accessory structures of eye

A

conjunctiva
lacrimal gland
eyelid

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9
Q

conjunctiva

A

glands
tarsal gland and lacrimal gland

continuous with the sclera
ends corneo-scleral lymbus

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10
Q

sclera

A

collagen and elastin

-nearly avascular, except scleral horn

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11
Q

cornea

A

transparent in anterior 1/6 of eye

avascular but highly innervated

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12
Q

5 layers of cornea

A 
outer epithelium
bowmans membrane
substantia propria
descemets membrane
corneal endothelium
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13
Q

outer epithelium of cornea

A

non-keratinized squamous

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14
Q

bowmans membrane

A

thin basal lamina

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15
Q

substantia propria

A

dense collagen tissue with sparse keratinocytes

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16
Q

descemets membrane

A

thick basal lamina

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17
Q

corneal endothelium

A

responsible for active transport of fluid out of SP and allowing diffusion of metabolites from aqueous humor

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18
Q

cornea

A

myelinated due to schwann cells

-become unmyelinated in corneal epithelium

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19
Q

corneal epithelium stem cells

A

at corneal-scleral lymbus

  • can multiple to heal the cornea
  • tissues underneath - don’t have ability to regenerate
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20
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

  • focused in front of retina
  • cornea too curved, lens too powerful
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21
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

  • focused behind retina
  • lens and cornea too weak
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22
Q

lasik

A

laser assisted in situ keratomileusis

for both myopia and hyperopia

corneal flap raised - ablation of corneal stroma

  • flap irrigated and replaced
  • no sutures applied
  • corneal epithelial cells are replaced by mitotic cells found in periphery, which migrate into wound
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23
Q

uveal layer

Study These Flashcards
A

back of eye - choroid

24
Q

choroid

Study These Flashcards
A

blood supply to outer layers of retina

  • photoreceptor cells
  • loose CT, fibroblasts, melanocyte
  • bruchs membrane
  • choriocapillaris
25
bruch membrane
separate choroid from retina | -controls movement of metabolites
26
choriocapillaris
next to retina, rich in capillaries
27
drusen
deposited between retina and bruchs membrane -often later in life sign of macular degeneration impede flow and exchange of metabolites -cannot support photoreceptors
28
ciliary body
anterior uveal layer - wedge shaped - between iris and vitreous body - loose CT, smooth m., pigmented / nonpigmented epithelium, zonule fibers
29
zonule fibers
radiate from ciliary processes to lens
30
function of ciliary body
production of aqueous humor
31
accomodation
change shape of lens to view something closer/farther - with help of ciliary muscles in ciliary body - three bundles - one opens canal of schlemm, two stretch ciliary body
32
close vision
ciliary muscle contracts
33
distant vision | -lax zonule fibers
ciliary muscle relaxed | -tense zonule fibers
34
suspensory ligaments??
look at notes
35
pigmented ciliary epithelial cell
outside layer
36
nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cell
inside layer
37
fenestrated capillaries
open to pigmented ciliary epithelial layer - goes to ciliary channel - non-pigmented layer for active transport
38
circulation of aqueous humor
important for intraocular pressure - fluid flows posterior chamber to anterior chamber - to trabecular meshwork - to canal of schlemm (circular canal) - drains to episcleral veins
39
corneal irideal angle
area between descemets membrane of cornea and anteiror surface of iris canal of schlemm forms complete circle here
40
glaucoma
group of Dx characterized by optic neuropathy | -loss of vision due to death of retinal ganglion cells (back of eye)
41
risk factor for glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
42
clinician looking for glaucoma
size of cup of optic nerve
43
open angle glaucoma
``` most common corneal irideal angle is open -increased IOP -optic nerve cupping -Tx: prostaglandins, beta blockers, alpha adrenergic agonists, trabeculectomy or trabecloplasty ```
44
angle closure glaucoma
corneal-irideal angle is obstructed - aqueous outflow impeded - primary anatomic cause or secondary cause Pt may show characteristic conjunctival redness
45
iris
colored anterior extension of ciliary body - controls pupil - separates anterior and posterior chambers - two concentric ring
46
anterior iris
does not have epithleium | pigmented melanocyetes - determine color
47
stroma of iris
vascularized loose CT with radial vessels
48
contractile of iris
dilator pupillae muscle (sympathetic) | sphincter pupillae muscle (parasympathetic)
49
posterior surface of iris
pigmented epithelium, continuous with ciliary body
50
lens
transparent, biconvex, avascular | -supported by zonule fibers
51
three components of lens
``` lens capsule lens epithelium (only anterior and lateral surface) lens fibers - elongated flattened ```
52
types of lens fibers
cortical lens fibers | nuclear lens fibers
53
crystalline protein
makes lens clear solubility of these proteins is important -must be hydrated
54
insoluble crystalline protein
precipitate out - form cataracts
55
cataracts
leading cause of blindness worldwide - mechanism unknown - as lens cells become fibers, never shed - continue to compact nucleus of eye - damage is accumulated to these cells believe cause is photo/oxidative injury
56
Tx of cataract
surgical replacement of synthetic intraocular lens - emulsify lens and remove it - put in new synthetic lens

Neuro Mini Exam (7 decks)

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