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Cerebellum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Cerebellum a derivative from?

A

metencephalon derivative

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2
Q

The cerebellum integrates very rapidly a host of sensory input information on the momentary status of what 3 things?

A

Muscle contraction
joint tension
visual and auditory input on equilibrium

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3
Q

The integration allows the cerebellum to aid and influence what 3 things?

A

muscle tone
posture
somatic muscle coordination

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4
Q

The cerebellum receives input fibers from what 6 things?

A 
spinal cord, 
M.O.,
pons, 
midbrain, 
diencephalon, and 
telencephalon
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5
Q

Is input to the cerebellum conscious or subconscious?

A

subconscious

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6
Q

Each cerebellar hemisphere influences what side of the body?

A

ipsilateral (same side)

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7
Q

Is output from the cerebellum direct or indirect?

A

indirect

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8
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the 4th Ventricle?

A

posterior to it

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9
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Falx Cerebelli?

A

Inferior to it

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10
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Tentoria Cerebelli?

A

inferior to it

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11
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the Pons?

A

posterior to it

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12
Q

Where is the Cerebellum in relationship to the M.O.?

A

superior to it

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13
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the M.O. via the….

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle (retiform bodies)

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14
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the Pons via the…

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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15
Q

The cerebellum is attached to the midbrain via the..

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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16
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (aka Restiform Body)?

A

Afferents (ascending) fibers DOMINATE, but Efferents (descending) fibers are present

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17
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Middle Cerebellar Penduncle?

A

Afferent (ascending) fibers only

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18
Q

What is the fiber distribution for the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle?

A

Efferents (descending) fibers DOMINATE, but afferent fibers are present

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19
Q

Approximately 20% of all childhood brain tumors are ______.

A

medulloblastomas

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20
Q

What are the External Subdivisions of the Cerebellum?
A.) Median = ?
B.) Lateral = ?

A 
Median = vermis
Lateral = hemisphere (rt/lt)
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21
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the cerebellum?

A
  1. ) Vestibulocerebellum
  2. ) Spinocerebellum
  3. ) Cerebrocerebellum
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22
Q

What is the synonym for the Vestibulocerebellum division?

A

Archicerebellum

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23
Q

What is the synonym for the Spinocerebellum division?

A

Paleocerebellum

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24
Q

What is the synonym for the Cerebrocerebellum division?

A

Neocerebellum

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25
What is the lobe of the Vestibulocerebellum division?
Flocculonodular
26
What is the lobe of the Spinocerebellum division?
Anterior, vermis, and medial posterior
27
What is the lobe of the Cerebrocerebellum division?
Lateral posterior
28
What is the input of the Vestibulocerebellum division?
Vestibular nucleus
29
What is the input of the Spinocerebellum division?
Spinocerebellar and cuneocerebellar
30
What is the input of the Cerebrocerebellum division?
Cortico-pontocerebellar
31
What are the 3 functions of the Vestibulocerebellum division?
1. ) Posture, 2. ) equilibrium, and 3. ) balance
32
What are the 2 functions of the Spinocerebellum division?
1. ) Muscle tone, | 2. ) trunk and limb movement
33
What is the function of the Cerebrocerebellum division?
Planning and coordination of skilled movement
34
Where is gray matter found in the cerebellum?
outer gray matter CORTEX and small island of gray matter
35
Where is white matter found in the cerebellum?
mass of internal white matter an
36
What is the White matter of the internal cerebellum called?
corpus medullare
37
the white matter is naturally continuous with the how many cerebellar peduncles?
6 cerebellar peduncles (3 pairs)
38
What are the 4 fibers types that make up the white matter of the internal cerebellum?
1. ) afferent projection fibers 2. ) efferent projection fibers 3. ) commisural fibers 4. ) association fibers
39
What is the extension of white matter that looks like a branching tree moving toward the cerebellum cortex?
Arbor Vitae
40
What is the name of the 4 pairs of nuclei (small islands of gray matter) found isolated in the white matter of the cerebellum?
Deep Cerebellar Nuclei
41
Why is the external cerebellum convoluted?
to increase surface area
42
What are the shallow grooves on the external cerebellum?
sulci
43
What are the deep grooves on the external cerebellum?
folia (not gyrus)
44
The ___ cortex is fairly uniform as to depth and cytoarchitecture.
gray
45
What are the 5 most common neuron cell types of the cerebellum?
1. ) Purkinje neurons 2. ) Golgi 2 neurons 3. ) Stellate neurons 4. ) Basket neurons 5. ) Granular neurons
46
What are the only fibers to take messages away from the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje fibers
47
What are the 2 types of outside axons that bring input to cerebellar cortical laminae?
1. ) Mossy fibers | 2. ) Climbing fibers
48
What are the 3 laminae layers of the cerebellar cortex? a. ) Outer = ? b. ) Middle = ? c. ) Inner = ?
``` Outer = Molecular layer Middle = Purkinje cell body layer Inner = Granular layer ```
49
What neuron cell types are found in the Outer-Molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?
stellate cells
50
What neuron cell types are found in the Middle-Purkinje layer of the cerebellar cortex?
Purkinje cells, Basket cells, and Golgi 2 cells
51
What neuron cell types are found in the Innerr-Granular layer of the cerebellar cortex?
Mossy fiber rosette and Granule cells
52
What is the shape of cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer (lamina).
large and flask shaped
53
A single cell's dendrites in the Purkinje cell layer (lamina) can have how many branches?
150,000+ branches
54
Where do Purkinje fibers terminate?
deep central cerebellar nuclei, but some bypass to end in vestibular nucleus.
55
What is the neurotransmitter released from Purkinje fibers?
GABA
56
Are Purkinje neurotransmitters excitatory or inhibitory at target sites?
INHIBITORY
57
What is the innermost cortical lamina?
the granular layer
58
Granular cell dendrites are stimulated by incoming ___ fibers.
mossy
59
The axons from each ___ cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and makes synapse with ___ branches of the Purkinje cell dentrites.
granular | spined.
60
What is the neurotransmitter from the granular neuron?
glutamate
61
What is the brain's most abundant neurochemical?
glutamate
62
What are the 2 fiber types that reach the cerebellar cortex?
1. ) Mossy Fibers | 2. ) Climbing Fibers
63
Where do mossy fibers terminate?
in the roset
64
Mossy fibers originate from ____ and _____ sources.
spinocerebellar and corticoponteocerebellar
65
Mossy fibers are excitatory and synapse with....
granular cell dendrites
66
Purkinje cell axons inhibit what nuclei?
deep central cerebellar nuclei
67
Climbing fibers are extremely ____.
excitatory
68
Climbing fibers reach the Purkinje cells ____ dendritic branches directly.
smooth
69
Where do Climbing fibers originate?
inferior olivary nucleus
70
What neurotransmitter is involved with climbing fibers?
aspartate
71
Is the neurotransmitter Aspartate excitatory or inhibitory?
excitatory
72
What are the names of the 4 Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?
1. ) Dentate 2. ) Emboliform 3. ) Globose 4. ) Fastigial
73
Which of the Deep cerebellar nuclei are referred to as the Interposed nuclei?
emboliform and globose
74
What is the largest and most lateral Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?
Dentate
75
What is the most primitive and medial Deep Cerebellar Nucleus?
Fastigial
76
If it ends in -ate, its excitatory or inhibitory?
inhibitory
77
What fibers synapse with the neurons of the Deep Central Nuclei?
Purkinje axons
78
Where do Purkinje fibers from the Vestibulocerebellum cortex synapse?
vestibular nucleus
79
Where do Purkinje fibers from the Spinocerebellum cortex synapse?
Interposed nucleus and Fastigial nucleus
80
Where do Purkinje fibers from the Cerebrocerebellum cortex synapse?
the dentate nucleus
81
How do Fastigial Nucleus fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?
via the inferior cerebellar peduncles
82
Where do Fastigial Nucleus fibers terminate?
PRIMARILY THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS, but can can go to reticular formation and nuclei for cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6
83
How do Interposed Nucleus fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?
via the superior cerebellar peduncles
84
Where do Interposed nucleus fibers terminate?
The Red nucleus and reticular formation
85
How do Dentate fibers exit the Deep Central Nuclei?
via the superior cerebellar peduncles
86
Where do Dentate fibers terminate?
generally in the Thalamus, but some collateral branches are sent to the red nucleus
87
What is the only afferent pathway to go through the superior peduncle?
anterior cerebellar tract

CNS (4 decks)

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