Cerebellum

Question 1

The cerebellum is derived from the ________ of the rhombencephalon.

Answer 1

Alar plates or rhombic lips

Question 2

More specifically, cerebellum is derived from the _________ of the rhombencephalon.

Answer 2

Metencephalon

Question 3

Where does the cerebellum spans embryologically?

Answer 3

It spans between the pontine flexure and the rhombencephalic isthmus.

Question 4

Where is cerebellum located?

Answer 4

Posterior cranial fossa, below the tentorium cerebelli

Question 5

The Superior Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

Answer 5

Midbrain

Question 6

The Middle Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

Answer 6

Pons

Question 7

The Inferior Cerebellar peduncle connects the _________ to the cerebellum.

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

How many lobes are there in cerebellum?

Answer 8

Anterior lobe
Posterior or Middle lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

Question 9

The anterior and middle lobes are separated by ____________?

Answer 9

Primary fissure

Question 10

The middle and flocculonodular lobes are separated by ____________?

Answer 10

Uvulonodular fissure

Question 11

What does a deep horizontal fissure separates?

Answer 11

The superior and inferior surfaces of the cerebellum

Question 12

The gray matter is divided into 3 layers which are?

Answer 12

Molecular or External layer; Purkinje or Middle layer; Granular or Internal layer, followed by white matter

Question 13

What type of cells are found in the molecular layer?

Answer 13

Outer stellate cells
Inner basket cells
Neuroglial cells

Question 14

What is the arrangement of cells in the molecular layer?

Answer 14

The cells are scattered in the numerous dentrites and axons of the granular cells that run parallel to long axis of folia

Question 15

What neurons are found in purkinje layer?

Answer 15

Golgi type 1 neuron that are flask shaped and are arranged in a single layer.

Question 16

The dendrites of the purkinje cells synapse with __________ and _____________.

Answer 16

Axons of the granular cells in the molecular layer

Axons of the climbing fibers in the molecular layer

Question 17

The dendrites of the purkinje cells branch profusely and the subsequent branches of the dendrites are covered by _____________?

Answer 17

thick dendritic spines

Question 18

The axons of the purkinje cells synapse with?

Answer 18

Cells in the intracerebellar nuclei
Cells in the vestibular nuclei
Colateral branches that synapse with stellate or basket cells in the molecular layer

Question 19

What type of cells are there in the granular layer?

Answer 19

• Small cells with densely stained nuclei and scanty (small amount) of cytoplasm called granular cells
• Golgi Cells
• Neuroglia

Question 20

The granular cells have (number) __________ dendrites that receive input from (mossy fibers/climbing fibers) ____________?

Answer 20

4-5 dendrites

Mossy fibers

Question 21

The axons of the ____________ pass into the molecular layer and divide into T junction, they are called ___________?

Answer 21

granule cells

parallel fibers

Question 22

The dendrites of the granular cells also receive input from _________ cells that are present in the granular layer.

Answer 22

Golgi cells

Question 23

The dendrites of the golgi cells ramify in the _____________ layer?

Answer 23

Molecular layer

Question 24

How many functional areas are there of cerebellum?

Answer 24

Vermis
Intermediate Zone
Lateral zone

Question 25

What is vermis concerned with?

Answer 25

Movements of long axis of the body (neck, shoulders, thorax, abdomen and hips

Question 26

What is the intermediate zone concerned with?

Answer 26

It controls the muscles of the distal parts of the limbs (hands and feet)

Question 27

What is the lateral zone concerned with?

Answer 27

Planning of sequential movements of the entire body Conscious assessment of movement errors

Question 28

How many intracerebellar nuclei are there?

Answer 28

Four. Dentate; Emboliform; Globose; Fastigial

Question 29

What does the dentate nucleus look like?

Answer 29

It looks like a crumpled bag and is the largest nucleus

Question 30

From where do the efferent nerve fibers of the dentate nucleus leave?

Answer 30

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Question 31

What is the interposed nuclei made of?

Answer 31

``` Emboliform nucleus (medial to dentate nucleus) Globose nucleus (medial to emboliform nucleus) ```

Question 32

The fastigial nucleus is situated in the (vermis/ intermediate zone/ lateral zone) _________?

Answer 32

Vermis (near the midline) (close to the roof of fourth ventricle)

Question 33

The fastigial nucleus is larger than ________ nucleus.

Answer 33

Globose nucleus

Question 34

The axons of the nuclei leave the cerebellum through ____________?

Answer 34

Superior and Inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 35

What type of neurons do the intracerebellar nuclei have?

Answer 35

Large multipolar neurons with simple branched dendrites

Question 36

The white matter of the cerebellum looks like a tree so it is called _________?

Answer 36

Arbor vitae

Question 37

Vermis has (small/large) ________ amount of white matter while the cerebellar hemispheres have (small/large) _________ amount.

Answer 37

Small amount in the vermis | Large amount in the cerebellar hemispheres

Question 38

How many type of fibers are there in the white matter of the cerebellum?

Answer 38

Three. Intrinsic; Afferent; Efferent

Question 39

The afferent fibers of the cerebellum enter it through the __________ and ____________ peduncles.

Answer 39

Middle and Inferior peduncles

Question 40

What are the efferent fibers of the cerebellum?

Answer 40

Axons of the purkinje cells that may synapse on the deep nuclei, some fibers bypass the nuclei; they belong to the flocculonodular lobe and parts of vermis.

Question 41

Fibers from Dentate, Emboliform, and Globose nuclei leave the cerebellum through __________ peduncle.

Answer 41

Superior Cerebellar peduncle

Question 42

Fibers from the fastigial nuclei leave the cerebellum through the _________ peduncle.

Answer 42

Inferior Cerebellar peduncle

Question 43

What is the function of folia in cerebellum?

Answer 43

They increase the surface area

Question 44

Where do the mossy fibers arrise from?

Answer 44

Vestibular nuclei, pontine nuclei, etc

Question 45

Where do the climbing fibers arrise from?

Answer 45

Inferior olivary nucleus

Question 46

Where do the climbing fibers synapse?

Answer 46

They synapse with the dendrites of the purkinje cells in the molecular layer. One climbing fiber synapse with 1-10 purkinje cells while one purkinje cell synapse with one climbing fibers

Question 47

Where do the mossy fibers synapse?

Answer 47

They may synapse at the intracerebellar nuclei or with the granular cells in the granular layer

Question 48

What type of effect does the purkinje cells have on the nucleus?

Answer 48

Purkinjie cells sends axons to the deep nuclei but unlike mossy fibers, they have an inhibitory effect